S&F Exam 1

based on lecture handouts

arm (region)

brachial

back of elbow (region; 2)

olecranal/cubital

back of hand (region)

dorsum

base of skull (region)

occipital

between hips (region)

sacral

breast (region)

mammary

breastbone (region)

sternal

buttock (region)

gluteal

calf (region)

sural

cheek (region)

buccal

chest (region)

thoracic

chin (region)

mental

ear (region)

otic

eye (region; 2)

orbital/ocular

face (region)

facial

fingers (region; 2)

digital/phalangeal

foot (region)

pedal

forearm (region)

antebrachial

forehead (region)

frontal

front of elbow (region)

antecubital

great toe (region)

hallux

groin (region)

inguinal

hand (region)

manual

head (region)

cephalic

heel (region)

calcaneal

hip (region)

coxal

hollow behind knee (region)

popliteal

leg (region)

crural

loin (region)

lumbar

mouth (region)

oral

navel (region)

umbilical

neck (region)

cervical

nose (region)

nasal

palm (region; 2)

palmar/volar

pelvis (region)

pelvic

pubis (region)

pubic

anus & external genitals (region)

perineal

shoulder blade (region)

scapular

skull (region)

cranial

sole (region)

plantar

spinal column (region)

vertebral

temple (region)

temporal

thigh (region)

femoral

thumb (region)

pollex

toes (region; 2)

digital/phalangeal

top of foot (region)

dorsum

wrist (region)

carpal

standardized stance for observing or imaging the body that allows precise and consistent anatomical references

anatomical position

lying face down

prone

lying face up

supine

closer to where something attaches or begins (directional)

proximal

farther from the beginning or point of attachment (directional)

distal

toward the front (directional)

anterior

toward the back (directional)

posterior

toward the head (directional)

superior

toward the tail (directional; 2)

inferior/caudal

toward the body's midline (directional)

medial

away from the body's midline (directional)

lateral

closer to the surface (directional)

superficial

farther from the surface (directional)

deep

same side of the body (directional)

ipsilateral

opposite sides of the body (directional)

contralateral

hypothetical flat surfaces used to divide the body or organs into definite areas

planes

longitudinal division that divides the body into L and R sides (plane, 2 types)

sagittal, parasagittal

divides the body anteriorly and posteriorly (plane; 2)

frontal/coronal

divides the body superiorly and inferiorly (plane; 3)

transverse/horizontal/cross-sectional

divides the body at an angle (plane; 2)

oblique/diagonal

slice of the body/an organ along one of the planes

section

movement where relatively flat bone surfaces move back and forth/side to side with respect to one another; no significant change in angle between the bones

gliding

movement resulting in a decrease in the angle between articulating bones

flexion

movement where trunk moves sideways to the right or left at the waist; occurs in frontal plane using intervertebral joints

lateral flexion

movement resulting in an increase in the angle between articulating bones

extension

movement that is a continuation of extension beyond the anatomical position; often prevented by arrangement of ligaments and the anatomical alignment of bones

hyperextension

movement of a bone away from the midline

abduction

movement of a bone toward the midline

adduction

circular/conical movement of a body part

circumduction

movement where a bone rotates around its own longitudinal axis

rotation

an upward movement of a part of the body

elevation

a downward movement of a part of the body

depression

a movement of a body part anteriorly in the transverse plane

protraction

a movement of a protracted body part back into anatomical position

retraction

movement of the soles medially so they face each other

inversion

movement of the soles laterally so they face away from each other

eversion

bending of the foot at the ankle in the direction of the superior surface

dorsiflexion

bending of the foot at the ankle joint in the direction of the plantar surface

plantar flexion

movement of the forearm at the proximal and distal radioulnar joints in which the palm is turned anteriorly/superiorly

supination

movement of the forearm at the proximal and distal radioulnar joints in which the palm is turned posteriorly/inferiorly

pronation

movement involving a grasping of the thumb and fingers

opposition

movement involved in releasing an object by spreading the thumb and fingers

reposition

spaces in the body that help protect, separate, and support internal organs

body cavities

formed by the cranial bones, contains the brain

cranial cavity

formed by the bones of the vertebral column, contains the spinal cord

vertebral (spinal) canal

term for the three layers of protective tissue that line the cranial and vertebral cavities

meninges

inflammation of the meninges (often caused by an infection)

meningitis

two cavities located in the trunk of the body

thoracic cavity, abdominopelvic cavity

cavity that houses the mediastinum and the pleural cavities

thoracic cavity

A broad, median partition between the lungs that extends from the sternum to the vertebral column; contains all organs of the thoracic cavity except the lungs

mediastinum

cavity within the mediastinum that surrounds the heart

pericardial cavity

cavities that enclose the lungs, right and left respectively

pleural cavities

cavity that lies inferior to the diaphragm; it is further divided into two cavities

abdominopelvic cavity