Med Terms feb 2023

hypercalcemia

excessive calcium in the bloodstream

kyphosis

abnormal posterior curvature of the thoracic vertebrae

laminectomy

removal of a lamina to relive the symptoms of a ruptured intervertebral disk

lordosis

abnormal anterior curvature of the backbones in the lumbar regio

lumbar

pertaining to the loins or lower back region

myelopoiesis

formation of bone marrow

orthopedics

the specialty of medicine dealing with bones and bone diseases. orthopedists originally straightened the bones of children

osteitis

inflammation of bones

osteogenesis

formation of bone

scoliosis

abnormal condition of lateral curvature of the spine

spondylosis

abnormal condition of vertebrae

osteoblast

bone

osteoclast

absorbs and removes unwanted bone tissue

osteomalacia

softening of a bone

epiphysis

end of a long bone

osteoporosis

condition of increased porosity of bone with loss of bony tissue and decrease in bone mass

osteotome

instrument to cut bone

calcaneal

pertaining to the calcaneus(heel bone)

carpal

pertaining to the wrist bones

supraclavicular

pertaining to above the collarbone

subcostal

pertaining to below the ribs

craniotome

instrument to cut the skull

femoral

pertaining to the thigh bone (femur)

fibular

pertaining to the smaller of the two lower leg bones (fibula)

humeral

pertaining to the upper arm bone (humerus)

iliac

pertaining to the ilium (upper portion of the hip bone)

mandibular

pertaining to the lower jaw bone

maxillary

pertaining to the upper jaw bone

metatarsalgia

pain of the foot bones

patellar

pertaining to the kneecap

pelvimetry

measurement of the proportions of the pelvic bone (before childbirth)

phalangeal

pertaining to the finger or toe bones

pubic

pertaining to the pubis (anterior portion of the hip bone)

radial

pertaining to the lateral lower arm bone

scapular

pertaining to the shoulder bone

sternal

pertaining to the breast bone

tibial

pertaining to the tibia, the larger and inner of the two lower leg bones

ulnar

pertaining to the medial lower arm bone

ankylosis

abnormal stiffening and immobility of a joint

articular cartilage

the cartilage surrounding the bones in a joint

rheumatologist

specialist in treatment of joint disorders

calc/o, calci/o

calcium

kyph/o

humpback, hunchback (posterior curvature in the thoracic region)

lamin/o

lamina (part of the vertebral arch)

lord/o

curve, swayback (anterior curvature in the lumbar region)

lumb/o

loins, lower back

myel/o

bone marrow

orth/o

straight

oste/o

bone

scoli/o

crooked, bent (lateral curvature)

spondyl/o (used to make words about conditions of the structure)

vertebra

vertebr/o (used to describe the structure itself)

vertebra

blast

embryonic or immature cell

clast

to break

listhesis

slipping

malacia

softening

physis

to grow

porosis

pore, passage

tome

instrument to cut

calcane/o

calcaneus (heel)

carp/o

carpals (wrist bones)

clavicul/o

clavicle (collar bone)

cost/o

ribs (true, false, and floating)

crani/o

cranium (skull)

femor/o

femur (thigh bone)

fibul/o

fibula (smaller lower leg bone)

humer/o

humerus (upper arm bone)

ili/o

ilium (upper part of pelvic bone)

mandibul/o

mandible (lower jawbone)

maxill/o

maxilla (upper jawbone)

metacarp/o

metacarpals ( hand bones)

metatars/o

metatarsals (foot bones)

patell/o

patella (kneecap)

pelv/o

pelvis

phalang/o

phalanges (finger and/or toe bones)

pub/o

pubis (anterior part of the pelvic bone)

radi/o

radius (forearm bone

scapul/o

scapula (shoulder blade)

stern/o

sternum (breastbone)

tibi/o

tibia (shin bone)

uln/o

ulna (forearm bone

chondr/o

cartilage

Ewing Sarcoma

rare malignant tumor arising in bone; most often occurring in children

Exostosis (osteochondroma)

benign bone lesion growths of bone extending outwards from surface of a bone.

Comminuted fracture

fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed

Greenstick fracture

bending and incomplete break of a bone; most often seen in children

Colles fracture

fracture of the distal radius at the wrist

transverse fracture

bone break with fracture line straight across shaft of bone

spiral fracture

a fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart

dislocation

Displacement of a bone from a joint

gouty arthritis (gout)

inflammation and painful swelling of joints caused by excessive uric acid in the body

bunion

enlargement of bone or tissue around the joint at the base of the big toe

Ganglion

fluid

Lyme disease

Tick bacteria causing arthritis, malaise, myalgia

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

autoimmune disease in which immune system attacks connective tissue throughout body such as in joints and skin

Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)

a chronic inflammatory disease that primarily affects the axial skeleton and can cause immobility/stiffening

Osteoarthritis

progressive, degenerative joint disease with loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone at articular surfaces

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain; caused by an autoimmune reaction against joint tissue, particularly the synovial membrane

herniation of an intervertebral disk (disc abnormal protrusion of an intervertebral disk into the spinal canal or spinal nerves

Compound fracture

break in the bone where the bone comes through the skin; open fracture