3 - NEURO 3.2

GYRUS, SULCUS

external surface anatomy of the cerebrum

GYRUS

rounded elevations or ridges on the brain

GYRUS

convolutions

GYRUS

increases the surface area of the cerebrum

SULCUS

in between the gyri

SULCUS

depressions or grooves in the cerebrum

FISSURE

deep sulcus

MEDIAL LONGITUDINAL, ROLANDIC, PARIETO-OCCIPITAL, LATERAL SYLVIAN

major fissures of the cerebrum

MEDIAL LONGITUDINAL FISSURE

separates left and right hemispheres

CENTRAL SULCUS OF ROLANDO

Rolandic fissure or

ROLANDIC FISSURE

divides frontal lobe from parietal lobe

PRECENTRAL GYRUS

in front of the Rolandic fissure is called

POSTCENTRAL GYRUS

behind the Rolandic fissure is called

FRONTAL LOBE

precentral gyrus belongs to the \_____

PARIETAL LOBE

postcentral gyrus belongs to the \_______

PARIETO-OCCIPITAL FISSURE

separates parietal from occipital lobe

LATERAL SYLVIAN FISSURE

separates temporal from frontal and parietal lobes

SUPERFICIAL, DEEP

layers of the internal surface anatomy of the cerebrum

CEREBRAL CORTEX

superficial layer of the cerebrum is also called

CEREBRAL GRAY MATTER

cerebral cortex or

PROCESSING, COGNITION

functions of cerebral cortex

CEREBRAL CORTEX

consists of nerve cells embedded in neuroglia

MYELIN SHEATH

cerebral cortex is gray matter because there is no presence of

NEUROGLIAL CELL

supporting cells

CEREBRAL MEDULLA

deep layer of the cerebrum is also called

CEREBRAL WHITE MATTER

cerebral medulla or

CONNECTION/COMMUNICATION

functions of cerebral medulla

CEREBRAL MEDULLA

consists of nerve fibers embedded in neuroglia

COMMISURAL, ASSOCIATION, PROJECTION

types of nerve fibers

COMMISURAL FIBER

connects the cortical regions between R and L hemispheres

CORPUS CALLOSUM

example of commisural fiber

IDEATIONAL APRAXIA, BIMANUAL TASK AND IMITATION PROBLEM

lesion of the corpus callosum

ASSOCIATION FIBER

connects cortical regions within the same hemisphere

ARCUATE FASCICULUS

example of association fiber

PARIETAL OPERCULUM

arcuate fasciculus or

ARCUATE FASCICULUS

connects Wernicke's area and Broca's area

CONDUCTION APHASIA

lesion of arcuate fasciculus

CONDUCTION APHASIA

inability to repeat words with intact spontaneous speech production and comprehension

PROJECTION FIBER

connects cerebral cortex with the lower portion of the brain and SC

CORTICOFUGAL, CORTICOPETAL

example of projection fiber

CORTICOFUGAL TRACT

conducts information away

CORTICOSPINAL TRACT

example of corticofugal tract

CORTICOPETAL TRACT

conducts information towards the brain

SPINOTHALAMIC TRACT

example of corticopetal tract

NEUROGLIAL, NEURON

classification of cells

NEUROGLIAL CELL

cell that do not conduct action potential

MICROGLIA, OLIGODENDROCYTE, ASTROCYTE, EPENDYMOCYTE

types of neuroglial cells

MICROGLIA

macrophages of the CNS

BACTERIA AND WORN OUT CELL DIGESTION

primary function of microglia

OLIGODENDROCYTE

form and maintain myelin sheath in the CNS

SCWHANN CELL

form and maintain myelin sheath in the PNS

ASTROCYTE

star-shaped neuroglial cell

ASTROCYTE

most abundant neuroglial cell

STRUCTURAL SUPPORT

primary function of astrocyte

ASTROCYTE

cytoskeleton of the CNS

ASTROCYTE

neuroglial cell which take up extracellular potassium ions

REPLACEMENT GLIOSIS

aside from being the structural support, astrocytes are important for \________

ASTROCYTE

regulates extracellular neurotransmitters

CELL REPLICATION/MULTIPLICATION

astrocytes are capable of

VENTRICLE

location of ependymocytes

EPENDYMOCYTE

assist in circulation of CSF

EPENDYMOCYTE

neuroglial cells only found in ventricles

NEURON

cell where action potential is generated

AXON HILLOCK

specific part of neuron where action potential is generated

A-ALPHA, A-BETA, A-GAMMA, A-DELTA, B, C

types of neuron

A-ALPHA, A-BETA, A-GAMMA

large and myelinated neurons

A-DELTA, B

small but myelinated neurons

C

small and unmyelinated neurons

A-ALPHA

innervates extrafusal fibers

A-GAMMA

innervates intrafusal fibers

A-BETA

innervates both extrafusal and intrafusal fibers

TOUCH, PRESSURE, PROPRIOCEPTION

A-beta is important for

A-BETA

neuron with both sensory and motor functions

A-DELTA

for fast/acute pain and temperature

C

for slow/chronic pain and temperature

PREGANGLIONIC AUTONOMIC NERVE

type B fibers comprises the

POSTGANGLIONIC AUTONOMIC NERVE

type C fibers comprises the

MOLECULAR, EXTERNAL GRANULAR, EXTERNAL PYRAMIDAL, INTERNAL GRANULAR, INTERNAL PYRAMIDAL, MULTIFORM

layers of the cerebral cortex

FUSIFORM LAYER

multiform layer or

INTERNAL PYRAMIDAL LAYER

where Betz cells are found

INTERNAL PYRAMIDAL LAYER

origin of corticospinal tract

BETZ CELL

medium and large sized pyramidal cells

FRONTAL, PARIETAL, OCCIPITAL, TEMPORAL, ISLAND OF REIL, LIMBIC

lobes of the cerebrum

FRONTAL LOBE

largest cerebral lobe

MOTOR FUNCTION, PERSONALITY, BEHAVIOR, INTELLIGENCE

functions of frontal lobe

GENERAL SENSATION

functions of parietal lobe

VISION

functions of occipital lobe

OCCIPITAL LOBE

smallest cerebral lobe

HEARING, MEMORY, OLFACTION

functions of temporal lobe

BRODMANN'S AREA 41, BRODMANN'S AREA 42

hearing is a function of temporal lobe because of the \___

LIMBIC LOBE

memory is a function of the temporal lobe because \_______ is nearby it

OLFACTORY (CN I)

olfaction is a fxn of the temporal lobe because \____ is attached to it

INSULAR LOBE

island of Reil or

DEEP INTO LATERAL SYLVIAN FISSURE

location of island of Reil

DECISION-MAKING

function of island of Reil

MEMORY, EMOTION, AROUSAL

function of limbic system

PARAHIPPOCAMPUS, UNCUS, CINGULATE GYRUS, HIPPOCAMPUS, AMYGDALA

components of limbic system

MEMORY ENCODING, MEMORY RETRIEVAL

fxn of parahippocampus

OLFACTION MEMORY

fxn of uncus

OLFACTORY HALLUCINATION

lesion to the uncus