Unit 1

The most important political feature of the Byzantine state was
a. its division of power under the tetrarchs.
b. its docile acceptance of Rome's superiority.
c. its republican governmental structure that resembled early Rome.
d. its tightly centralized rule under a powerful emperor.
e. its reliance on Achaemenid ruling principles.

d. its tightly centralized rule under a powerful emperor.

Which of the following best describes education in Byzantium?
a. Basic literacy was widespread in Byzantine society.
b. Byzantium struggled because of the lack of a written language.
c. Only the members of the central court could read and write.
d. Byzantium fell far short of the standards set in the western half of the empire.
e. Byzantium made tremendous strides after its conquest of the Arabic world.

a. Basic literacy was widespread in Byzantine society.

Historians use the term "caesaropapism" to refer to
a. the split between the Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox churches.
b. the European struggle between church and state.
c. the bureaucratic revolution brought about by Julius Caesar.
d. the system in which the emperor has a mixture of political and religious authority.
e. the attempt by later Roman emperors to abolish the papacy.

d. the system in which the emperor has a mixture of political and religious authority.

From the sixth century on, the official language of Constantinople was
a. French
b. Greek
c. Turkish
d. Aramaic
e. Latin

b. Greek

One of the causes of Byzantine resurgence was the political innovation wherein a general was given military and civil control over an imperial province or
a. satrapy.
b. Sasanid.
c. theme.
d. corpus.
e. polis.

c. theme.

The main factions during Justinian's time who contested in the Hippodrome and who occasionally fought in the streets were
a. the Greeks and Romans.
b. the Bezant and Theme.
c. gladiators and slaves.
d. the Greeks and Turks.
e. the Greens and Blues.

e. the Greens and Blues.

In 1071, Byzantium lost the Battle of Manzikert and control over Anatolia to the
a. Sasanids.
b. Ottoman Turks.
c. Arabs.
d. Bulgars.
e. Saljuq Turks.

e. Saljuq Turks.

A direct challenge to the Byzantine emperor arose in the year 800 when the pope gave an imperial crown to the Frankish king,
a. Cyril.
b. Charlemagne.
c. Otto of Saxony.
d. Hugh Capet.
e. Basil II.

b. Charlemagne.

Constantinople finally fell in 1453 to the
a. Sasanids.
b. Saljuq Turks.
c. Ottoman Turks.
d. combined armies of the English, French, and Germans.
e. Mongols.

c. Ottoman Turks.

The wife of Justinian, who proved to be an invaluable adviser, was
a. Olympia.
b. Livia.
c. Theodora.
d. Belisarius.
e. Hagia Sophia.

c. Theodora.

Justinian's most important and long-lasting political achievement was
a. his democratic reforms.
b. his religious compromise between the Roman Catholic and the Greek Orthodox churches.
c. his reconquest of the western half of the Roman Empire.
d. his establishment of a lasting peace with the Islamic world.
e. his codification of Roman law.

e. his codification of Roman law.

In 325 C.E., in an effort to answer the Arians, Constantine brought together leading churchmen at the Council of
a. Nicaea
b. Rome.
c. Trent.
d. Antioch.
e. Constantinople.

a. Nicaea

The 'bezant'
a. headed the Byzantine banking industry.
b. was the Byzantine gold coin that became the standard currency in the Mediterranean basin.
c. was the Byzantine class of nobles who blocked imperial centralization.
d. was the hereditary line of priests that dominated the Byzantine religious and social worlds.
e. was one of the two main factions inside Constantinople.

b. was the Byzantine gold coin that became the standard currency in the Mediterranean basin.

What city, influenced heavily by Constantinople, was most important in the early rise of Russia?
a. Moscow
b. Manzikert
c. St. Petersburg
d. Moravia
e. Kiev

e. Kiev

Theodora's career before marrying Justinian was as a
a. striptease artist.
b. shop owner.
c. Church cleric, one of the few women to hold this position.
d. lady in waiting at the central court because of her family connections.
e. mother superior in a nunnery.

a. striptease artist.

Which of the following statements about Constantinople is NOT true?
a. It was built in an attempt to revitalize the impoverished eastern half of the Roman Empire.
b. It was built because the eastern half was the wealthier and more productive part of the empire.
c. It allowed the imperial court to keep watch on the Sasanid Empire in Persia.
d. It was constructed by Constantine.
e. It allowed the imperial court to keep watch on Germanic tribes on the Danube.

a. It was built in an attempt to revitalize the impoverished eastern half of the Roman Empire.

The adjective 'byzantine', drawn from the government of Byzantium, stands for
a. an immensely powerful imperial system.
b. divine sanction.
c. an organization that is simple and streamlined
d. a legalistic tradition.
e. unnecessary complexity and convolution.

e. unnecessary complexity and convolution.

The 'theme' system
a. weakened the peasantry by taking their land away.
b. led to the break between the Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox churches.
c. was the foundation of the Byzantine educational structure.
d. made land available to the peasants in return for military service.
e. limited the religious authority of the Byzantine emperors.

d. made land available to the peasants in return for military service.

The only classical society that survived in the centuries after 400 C.E. was the
a. Byzantine Empire.
b. Achaemenid dynasty.
c. Hellenistic Empire.
d. Han dynasty.
e. Mauryan dynasty.

a. Byzantine Empire.

Saints Methodius and Cyril
a. were highly influential "pillar" saints.
b. devised the Cyrillic alphabet.
c. were responsible for a compromise between the Roman Catholic and Russian Orthodox churches.
d. converted the Slavic lands to Roman Catholicism.
e. died while on a mission to spread the faith to Africa.

b. devised the Cyrillic alphabet.

Emperor Leo III inaugurated the divisive ecclesiastical policy of
a. translating the Bible into German.
b. insisting that the patriarch of Constantinople was superior to the pope in Rome.
c. caesaropapism.
d. iconoclasm.
e. venerating religious icons.

d. iconoclasm.

The rise of Orthodox Christianity in Russia was helped by the conversion in 989 of
a. Peter the Great.
b. Prince Vladimir.
c. Justinian.
d. Catherine the Great.
e. Ivan III.

b. Prince Vladimir.

Hagia Sophia was
a. Justinian's most dangerous political enemy.
b. the wife of Justinian who proved to be a wise adviser.
c. the central trading city on the silk roads.
d. the magnificent church at Constantinople.
e. the legal foundation for Justinian's Code.

d. the magnificent church at Constantinople.

In 1054 the pope in Rome and the patriarch in Constantinople
a. mutually excommunicated each other.
b. met at the Council of Milan to settle old differences.
c. agreed on a highly controversial plan to eliminate the Protestants.
d. agreed on a joint plan to bring Christianity to Russia.
e. jointly called for a new crusade.

a. mutually excommunicated each other.

Up through the eighth century, the chief foreign threat to the eastern Roman Empire was
a. neo-Greek military generals.
b. the Guptas in India.
c. the Sasanid emperors.
d. the resurgence of power by the Ptolemies in Egypt.
e. the Germanic tribes.

c. the Sasanid emperors.

By the sixteenth century, Russians had begun to think of Moscow as
a. the mightiest military center in the world.
b. the most important trading center in eastern Europe.
c. the third Rome.
d. the new Athens.
e. the last true bastion of Roman Catholicism.

c. the third Rome.

In the year 962, Otto of Saxony
a. created a written alphabet for the Slavic people.
b. claimed to rule as emperor of the old western half of the Roman Empire.
c. accepted the sovereignty of the Byzantine emperors.
d. expanded the scope of Byzantine influence by translating Justinian's code into German.
e. invaded and sacked Constantinople.

b. claimed to rule as emperor of the old western half of the Roman Empire.

According to Procopius, two sixth century Christian monks undertook an elaborate smuggling operation to provide Byzantium with the knowledge to produce
a. gunpowder
b. ceramics
c. steel
d. iron
e. silk

e. silk

Byzantium's major advantage was
a. its status as the most populous city in the Mediterranean basin.
b. its magnificent library, which contained the cultural treasures of the Hellenistic world.
c. its huge army.
d. its strategic position on the Bosporus.
e. its position as the greatest trading center of the Greek world.

d. its strategic position on the Bosporus.

The Fourth Crusade, in the early 1204,
a. was captured and all the crusaders converted to Islam.
b. recaptured Jerusalem from the Muslims.
c. is also known as the "children's crusade."
d. suffered a disastrous defeat at the gates of Jerusalem.
e. sacked Constantinople and caused extreme harm to the Byzantine Empire.

e. sacked Constantinople and caused extreme harm to the Byzantine Empire.

By the late sixth century, Byzantium became the Mediterranean world's leading producer of
a. steel.
b. cotton.
c. silk.
d. gold.
e. tobacco.

c. silk.

Which of the following was a geographic advantage enjoyed by Constantinople?
a. It was situated high on an easily defensible peninsula.
b. The Golden Horn was a magnificent natural harbor
c. It could control the Bosporus Strait which connected the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmora.
d. It was at the crossroads of trade from Europe, Asia, and Africa.
e. All of the above.

e. All of the above.

The Byzantine concept of "theme" was developed to
a. protect the Byzantine empire from ninth century invasions by the Franks, led by Charlemagne.
b. organize Byzantine law into reasonable categories which would make it easier to administer.
c. prevent the concept of "caesaropapism" which allowed the emperor's power to go un-checked.
d. enable Byzantine military forces to organize quickly and to provide a sustainable political and social order throughout the empire.
e. promote the opportunities for women like Theodora to serve as ministers and officials in the Byzantine bureaucracy.

d. enable Byzantine military forces to organize quickly and to provide a sustainable political and social order throughout the empire.

A key economic result of the decline of the free peasants in the Byzantine empire was
a. a decrease in the tax income collected by the imperial government.
b. a decrease in the unemployment rate in large cities.
c. an increase in civil unrest lead by the women and slaves.
d. an increase in the number of men available to serve in the military.
e. an increase in lawlessness and banditry in western Europe.

a. a decrease in the tax income collected by the imperial government.

Byzantine businessmen made profits by
a. forming corporations and selling stock in their economic endeavors.
b. forming partnerships which allowed them to pool their resources and limit their risks.
c. charging high interest rates on loans to companies which were involved in risky business deals.
d. trading the bezant for older coins from the western Roman empire.
e. financing overseas expeditions to create new markets for luxury goods.

b. forming partnerships which allowed them to pool their resources and limit their risks.

The iconoclast controversy, begun by Emperor Leo III in 726, demonstrated
a. the need to reform Church structure and theology according to the Pope's directives.
b. the willingness of Byzantine emperors to involve themselves in religious and theological matters.
c. the power of the monasteries and "pillar saints" to capture public attention.
d. the continuing influence of classical Greek tradition and philosophy in the Orthodox church.
e. all of the above.

b. the willingness of Byzantine emperors to involve themselves in religious and theological matters.

Byzantine asceticism and monasticism was characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:
a. perching for years atop tall pillars
b. the abandonment of personal property
c. living communally
d. strict obedience to the church officials in Constantinople
e. living as a hermit in a desert or cave

d. strict obedience to the church officials in Constantinople

The Council of Nicaea was called in 325 C.E. to define Christian teaching on
a. the distinct powers of the Pope and patriarch.
b. the godly and human nature of Jesus.
c. the roles for men and women in the Church.
d. strict obedience to imperial authority.
e. the proper language to be used in religious services.

b. the godly and human nature of Jesus.

The Byzantine decline after the eleventh century was due to all of the following EXCEPT:
a. the disastrous attempts by Basil the Bulgar Slayer to expand the empire
b. the pressure on Anatolia from the nomadic Saljuqs
c. the corruption of the theme system and the decline of free peasantry
d. the damage caused by the fourth crusade
e. the sack of Constantinople in 1204 C.E.

a. the disastrous attempts by Basil the Bulgar Slayer to expand the empire

What effect did the Cyrillic alphabet have on Orthodox Christianity?
a. It made it easier for people to read the Bible and therefore question the church's teachings.
b. It made it more difficult for people to read the Bible since it was written in Latin and people were learning Cyrillic.
c. It stimulated conversion to Orthodox Christianity and promoted literacy among the Slavs.
d. It drove a wedge between people who could read and people who were illiterate.
e. It made rulers like Vladimir of Kiev less powerful as he could no longer base his power on caesaropapism.

c. It stimulated conversion to Orthodox Christianity and promoted literacy among the Slavs.

The complex government bureaucracy, the absolute rule by an emperor, and the lavish and ornate royal palaces of Byzantium are MOST similar to
a. China, in the later Han dynasty.
b. Rome, under Julius Caesar.
c. the Aryan rajas during the Vedic age.
d. the Olmecs in the first century B.C.E.
e. China, during the Shang dynasty.

a. China, in the later Han dynasty.

What effect did the development of Islam have on Constantinople's influence on Christianity?
a. It made Constantinople less influential in Christianity as many people converted to Islam.
b. It made Constantinople less influential in Christianity as Christians turned to the patriarchs in Alexandria and Jerusalem for guidance.
c. It made Constantinople more influential because many people converted to Christianity to escape the Arab armies.
d. It made Constantinople more influential in the east as the influence of the patriarchs in Jerusalem, Alexandria, and Antioch declined.
e. Constantinople remained secondary to Rome in influence until the crusades.

b. It made Constantinople less influential in Christianity as Christians turned to the patriarchs in Alexandria and Jerusalem for guidance.

Why did Kiev rise as the prime trading center in the mid-ninth century?
a. The discovery of gold, furs, amber, and oil in Russia led to a northern shift in trading centers.
b. The fall of Constantinople in 1453 left a trade vacuum which Kiev was able to fill.
The fall of Constantinople in 1453 left a trade vacuum which Kiev was able to fill.
c. It was strategically located on the Dneiper River which linked trade routes between Scandinavia and Byzantium.
d. The development of the Cyrillic alphabet and the ensuing rise in literacy made the Slavic peoples better-educated traders and merchants.
e. The western European sack of Constantinople during the fourth crusade weakened the Byzantine trading empire.

c. It was strategically located on the Dneiper River which linked trade routes between Scandinavia and Byzantium.

The Abbasid dynasty finally came to an end in 1258, when it was overrun by the
a. Mongols.
b. Byzantines.
c. Saljuq Turks.
d. Ottoman Turks.
e. French.

a. Mongols.

The word ulama refers to
a. "the community of Allah."
b. "the one god."
c. "people with religious knowledge."
d. "holy war."
e. "the house of lslam."

c. "people with religious knowledge."

After the death of Muhammad, political leadership fell to a caliph by the name of
a. Abu Bakr.
b. Harun ai-Rashid.
c. Khadija.
d. Abu ai-Abbas.
e. Ali.

a. Abu Bakr.

In an effort to recruit learned students, Islamic leaders often financially supported institutions of higher learning called
a. umma.
b. dar al-Islam.
c. madrasas.
d. sufis.
e. qadis

c. madrasas.

The other name for the collection of stories known as The Arabian Nights is
a. the Quran.
b. The Thousand and One Nights.
c. The Narrow Road to the Deep North.
d. the Rubaiyat.
e. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms.

b. The Thousand and One Nights.

The Quran, following the example of Muhammad, allowed men to have up to how many wives?
a. 7
b. 4
c. 2
d. 1
e. 10

b. 4

The main Indian influence on Islamic thought was in the field of
a. mythology.
b. poetry.
c. history.
d. architecture.
e. mathematics.

e. mathematics.

The Islamic holy law was known as the
a. ulama.
b. gadis.
c. umma.
d. sharia.
e. hijra.

d. sharia.

The Umayyad forces allowed conquered peoples to maintain their own religions, but insisted that they pay a special head tax on those people who did not convert to Islam. This head tax was called the
a. sakk.
b. jizya.
c. sharia.
d. hajj.
e. ulama.

b. jizya.

Of all the new crops that spread throughout the Islamic world via trade, which one proved the most important?
a. indigo
b. oranges
c. henna
d. cotton
e. sugarcane

d. cotton

The capital city of al-Andalus was
a. Baghdad.
b. Damascuc.
c. Istanbul.
d. Mecca.
e. Cordoba.

e. Cordoba.

In 595, Muhammad married a wealthy widow named
a. Khadija.
b. Hadith.
c. Ibn Rushd.
e. Sharia.
e. Sufi.

a. Khadija.

The main split inside Islam was between Sunni and
a. Umayyads.
b. Ulama.
c. Sufis.
d. Gadis.
e. Shia.

e. Shia.

During the last 200 years of the Abbasid Empire, it fell under the control of the
a. Byzantine Empire.
b. Sasanids.
c. Ottoman Turkish Empire.
d. Holy Roman Empire.
e. Saljuq Turks.

e. Saljuq Turks.

The Quran
a. were Islamic scholarly bureaucrats.
b. were the priests who watched over the Ka'ba.
c. is the holy book of Islam.
d. is the law code of Islam.
e. was Muhammad's journey to Yathrib.

c. is the holy book of Islam.

The victorious Arabic armies of the Umayyad dynasty
a. opened up positions of authority to non-Muslims.
b. forced everyone to convert from Sunni to Shia.
c. allowed the conquered peoples to practice their own religions.
d. forced the conquered peoples to convert to Islam.
e. restricted the jizya to practicing Muslims.

c. allowed the conquered peoples to practice their own religions.

The Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca is known as the
a. jizya.
b. hijra.
c. hajj.
d. gadis.
e. sharia.

c. hajj.

The term Islam means
a. "Allah desires for you what is easy, not what is hard."
b. "Allah is great."
c. "devotion to the rule of life."
d. "submission."
e. "the one god."

d. "submission."

What new industry, transmitted to the Islamic world from China, was introduced during the Abbasid period?
a. steel production
b. bronze production
c. textile production
d. iron production
e. paper manufacture

e. paper manufacture

The phrase, "one who has submitted," is the meaning of the term
a. Muslim.
b. Buddhist.
c. Jain.
d. Hindu.
e. Christian.

a. Muslim.

No religious leader could follow Muhammad, so political authority rested in the position of the
a. caliph.
b. sultan.
c. shia.
d. ulama.
e. hajj.

a. caliph.

The capital of the Abbasid Empire was
a. Cordoba.
b. Damascus.
c. Mecca.
d. Istanbul.
e. Baghdad.

e. Baghdad.

After the assassination of Ali, power fell to
a. the Umayyad dynasty.
b. the Abbasid dynasty.
c. the Roman Empire.
d. the Byzantine Empire.
e. the Saljuq Turks.

a. the Umayyad dynasty.

Arabic numbers actually had their origin in
a. Egypt.
b. Arabia.
c. China.
d. India.
e. Persia.

d. India.

The Shia believed that
a. a different and more pure version of the Quran exists.
b. the caliphate should follow the line of Ali.
c. that Allah was the main, but not necessarily the only, god.
d. the Umayyad dynasty were the only legitimate rulers.
e. leadership in the Islamic world could fall to any true believer.

b. the caliphate should follow the line of Ali.

The phrase dar al-Islam means
a. "victory of god."
b. "warrior of Islam."
c. "missionary of the divine faith."
d. "house of the Islam."
e. "conquest of Islam."

d. "house of the Islam."

The Sufis
a. that they, and not the Umayyads, were the legitimate rulers of the Islamic world.
b. in reconciling the spiritual and rational worlds.
c. that the leadership of the Islamic world had to pass through the line of Ali.
d. in a strictly logical and rational definition of the divine.
e. in an emotional and mystical union with Allah.

e. in an emotional and mystical union with Allah.

The only definitive and reliable text of the Quran has to be in
a. Latin.
b. Greek.
c. Aramaic.
d. Persian.
e. Arabic.

e. Arabic.

How did the conquest of Mesopotamia and Persia influence the role of women in the Islamic world?
a. A fertility goddess rose to challenge Allah.
b. Islamic society became much less patriarchal.
c. Islamic society became more patriarchal.
d. Female infanticide was declared illegal.
e. Polygamy was outlawed.

c. Islamic society became more patriarchal.

The turning point in the rise of Islam was
a. the hijra.
b. Muhammad's pilgrimage to Istanbul.
c. the conquest of Egypt.
d. the rise of the Umayyad dynasty.
e. Muhammad's conversion to Christianity.

a. the hijra.

What in Muhammad's background may have influenced his acceptance of monotheism?
a. Muhammad's family had always been monotheistic.
b. The Arab peninsula had equal numbers of monotheists and polytheists.
c. Muhammad's wife had been raised as a monotheist.
d. Muhammad was engaged in long-distance trade where he came into contacts with monotheists.
e. Muhammad's uncle adopted monotheism during his youth.

d. Muhammad was engaged in long-distance trade where he came into contacts with monotheists.

According to Islamic tradition, the Quran was compiled from
a. many different sources, including polytheistic writings.
b. revelations from Allah to Muhammad.
c. writings by followers who recorded Muhammad's sayings. (the Hadid)
d. the Jewish Old Testament.
e. the Christian New Testament.

b. revelations from Allah to Muhammad.

In what way did the expansion of the Islamic faith progress through the rest of the Arab peninsula?
a. By rapid and peaceful means due to its message of peace.
b. In violent warfare as Islam challenged both polytheists and the ruling elite.
c. As a steady growth passed from merchant to merchant.
d. Fairly swiftly as converts were attracted to the actions of the sufi mystics.
e. It was not successful until the growth of madrassas.

b. In violent warfare as Islam challenged both polytheists and the ruling elite.

Adherence to the Five Pillars of Islam are the foundations of Muslim faith. Which one was the first and most important one upon which all the others are based?
a. Dedication and daily prayers facing Mecca.
b. Acknowledgment of Allah as the only deity and Muhammad as his prophet.
c. Almsgiving to the poor by all who have the means to afford it.
d. The Ramadan fast, with exceptions made for the young and infirm.
e. The Hajj for all who are able to get to Mecca.

b. Acknowledgment of Allah as the only deity and Muhammad as his prophet.

The origin of the split between the Shia and Sunnis was indicative of
a. succession problems.
b. religious issues.
c. economic problems.
d. disagreements over the role of women.
e. disputes over territorial holdings.

a. succession problems.

With the assistance of the ulama and qadis, how was the Abbasid empire administered?
a. It was decentralized into local governments.
b. It was remarkably separate from the Islamic religion.
c. It was split between two administrators, a secular leader and a religious leader.
d. It developed under the guidelines of the Quran and sharia.
e. It blended Shia beliefs into Sunni administration.

d. It developed under the guidelines of the Quran and sharia.

Within the dar al-Islam, economics proved very successful. What was responsible for this success?
a. European and Indian traders increased the number of valuable imports to the region.
b. Its base was a strictly agricultural economy.
c. It decreed a uniform governmental policy across regions.
d. It rejected agriculture for the promotion of industry.
e. It was a zone of commerce and communication.

e. It was a zone of commerce and communication.

Women's roles in Islamic societies were eventually defined by
a. their male relatives.
b. the interaction between religions and region.
c. Muhammad's sayings in the hadith.
d. the Quran alone.
e. the ulama and the sharia.

b. the interaction between religions and region.

Islam quickly expanded through military means but why were Sufi missionaries so successful later on?
a. They combined fervent worship with strict adherence to local customs.
b. Without goods to carry, they traveled farther than merchants.
c. They combined deep personal devotion to Islam with a tolerance for regional culture.
d. They converted many monarch who convinced their people to follow.
e. They took the best parts of Islam and blended them with the best parts of the local religion.

c. They combined deep personal devotion to Islam with a tolerance for regional culture.

As the Arabs moved into India, they adopted Indian methods of mathematics, science, and medicine. What is their best known and most widely spread borrowed idea?
a. The concept of zero.
b. Hindi numerals.
c. Techniques of bookkeeping.
d. Yogic health habits.
e. Heliocentrism.

b. Hindi numerals.

Both Islam and Buddhism are missionary religions. Outside of the message, what aspect of the sufis and monks would have the most appeal to new converts?
a. The possibility of leading an ascetic lifestyle.
b. The opportunity to travel widely while following the missionaries.
c. The possibility of escaping from one's social class.
d. The profoundly pious example set by the missionaries.
e. The attraction of new ways of thinking and living.

d. The profoundly pious example set by the missionaries.

Both the caliphate and the Mauryan Empire in India had successful administrations in their early years. When one compares the administrations, what basic difference exists?
a. While the caliphs were tolerant of other religions, the Mauryans were not.
b. While Ashoka encouraged agriculture, the caliphate's focus was more commercial.
c. The Mauryans had one capital city while the caliphate operated from two.
d. The caliphate had no standing army while the Mauryans did.
e. The Mauryans had a secular government while the caliphate was a theocracy.

e. The Mauryans had a secular government while the caliphate was a theocracy.

Like Buddhism and Christianity, Islam can be described as a derivative religion. Each grew out of another religious tradition through the efforts of one individual. In what way was Islam different from the others?
a. Neither of the others had practical rules for living daily lives.
b. The spread of Islam was vastly more successful in a shorter period of time.
c. Only Islam was spread through military conquest and missionary efforts.
d. Islam was more focused on the material world than the spiritual world.
e. Only Islam had schools as centers of religious learning.

b. The spread of Islam was vastly more successful in a shorter period of time.

In the 840s, Tang emperors
a. officially favored the Manichaeans instead of the Buddhists.
b. converted to Buddhism but didn't force the spread of the religion.
c. made Buddhism the favored religion of the central court.
d. converted to Islam.
e. ordered the closure of monasteries and the expulsion of Buddhists.

e. ordered the closure of monasteries and the expulsion of Buddhists.

During the Tang dynasty,
a. most of far western China fell to barbarian tribes.
b. Chinese armies pushed into Korea, Manchuria, Tibet, and northern Vietnam.
c. Japan was brought under complete Chinese control.
d. powerful neighbors kept the Chinese from expanding.
e. Japanese forces captured northern China.

b. Chinese armies pushed into Korea, Manchuria, Tibet, and northern Vietnam.

Foot binding is probably the best example of the increasing
a. the increasing freedom of Chinese women during the Song dynasty.
b. the technological brilliance of the Song dynasty.
c. the influence of Japanese traditions on the Chinese.
d. the influence of Buddhist customs as the religion became popular in China.
e. the increasingly patriarchal nature of Chinese society.

e. the increasingly patriarchal nature of Chinese society.

During the Tang dynasty, the imperial civil service examinations
a. were restricted to the wealthier families.
b. were monopolized by the foreign Manchus and used for their advantage.
c. were halted and not restarted until the Ming dynasty.
d. declined dramatically in importance.
e. were expanded and allowed posts to be filled with officials of genuine intellectual ability.

e. were expanded and allowed posts to be filled with officials of genuine intellectual ability.

In 1279, the Song dynasty finally fell to the
a. Japanese.
b. Khitan.
c. Mongols.
d. Uighurs.
e. Manchus.

c. Mongols.

The Silla dynasty in Korea copied China in many ways, but never
a. formed a tributary relationship with China.
b. adopted Confucian thought.
c. established a Confucian examination system.
d. converted to Buddhism.
e. established a bureaucracy based on merit.

e. established a bureaucracy based on merit.

In 1024,
a. the Tang emperors established the first modem banking industry.
b. the first paper money, printed under government auspices (support), appeared.
c. the Song emperors transferred the printing of paper money from governmental to private control.
d. the Song emperors outlawed the printing of paper money by anyone.
e. the Chinese economy collapsed because of inflation caused by the printing of paper money.

b. the first paper money, printed under government auspices (support), appeared.

The "kowtow"
a. was the "south-pointing needle."
b. was the word that neo-Confucian scholars used when discussing physical matter.
c. was a ritual prostration. (put face down)
d. was a fast Chinese ship that played a key role in expanding trade.
e. was the most popular school of Buddhism in China.

c. was a ritual prostration. (put face down)

In 1185 the Minamoto clan defeated their rival the Taira clan and
a. established the Muromachi shogunate.
b. restored power in the hands of the emperor.
c. established the Minamoto shogunate.
d. Japan fell under Korean control.
e. established the Kamakura shogunate.

e. established the Kamakura shogunate.

Letters of credit carne into common use during the early Tang period. These letters were known as
a. checks.
b. bluebirds.
c. letters of transit.
d. sakks.
e. flying cash.

e. flying cash.

The most important new crop introduced into China during the Tang and Song periods was
a. oranges.
b. cotton.
c. fast-ripening rice.
d. indigo.
e. barley.

c. fast-ripening rice.

In which of the following areas did Buddhism not become the major religion?
a. Mongolia
b. India
c. Japan
d. Korea
e. China

b. India

In regard to their relationship with China, the Viet people
a. were not influenced by Chinese thought.
b. copied Confucianism but never converted to Buddhism.
c. ruled China for over two centuries.
d. gladly accepted the tributary status in order to gain access to Chinese markets.
e. revolted against the Tang and won their independence.

e. revolted against the Tang and won their independence.

The native religion of Japan is
a. Buddhism.
b. Hinduism.
c. Manichaeism.
d. Shintoism.
e. Daoism.

d. Shintoism.