eng 1 final

Aside

a remark or passage in a play that is intended to be heard by the audience or another character(s) but not all the characters on stage

Blank Verse

unrhymed iambic pentameter

Iambic Pentameter

a line of verse with five metrical feet, each consisting of one unstressed syllable followed by one stressed syllable

Monologue

a speech presented by a single character, most often to express their thoughts aloud, though sometimes also to directly address another character or the audience; other characters can hear the monologue

Prologue

a separate introductory section of a literary or musical work

Soliloquy

a speech in a play in which a character speaks to himself or herself or to the people watching rather than to the other characters; other characters cannot hear the soliloquy

Sonnet

a 14-line poem usually written in iambic pentameter and following a strict pattern of rhyme: ABABCDCDEFEFGG

Prose

Everyday normal language

Verse

poetic language

Stanza

a grouped set of lines within a poem, usually separated from other stanzas with a blank line or indentation

Couplet

2 lines per stanza

Quatrain

4 lines per stanza

Perfect Rhyme

rhyme in which different consonants are followed by identical vowel and consonant sounds, such as in spring and fling

Internal Rhyme

rhyme of 1 or more words within a line

Slant Rhyme

imperfect rhyme

End Rhyme

rhyme of 1 or more words at the end of a line

Rhyme Scheme

the pattern of end rhymes in a poem; labeled with letters indicating which lines rhyme

Prosody

the study and actual use of meters and forms of versification

Allusion

a direct or indirect reference to a piece of literature or history

Anaphora

the repetition of a word or group of words in the beginning of successive clauses or lines of poetry

Apostrophe

a figure of speech in which a writer/ speaker detaches himself from reality and addresses an imaginary/absent person or an object in his speech

Caesura

a pause within a line of poetry, as created by a piece of punctuation

Diction

word choice, including the vocabulary used, the appropriateness of the words, and the vividness of the language

Connotation

what a word suggests, beyond its basic definition; a word's overtones of meaning

Denotation

the basic, or dictionary, definition of a word

Enjambment

in verse, the continuation of a sentence without a pause beyond the end of a line, couplet, or stanza

Extended Metaphor

a metaphor or simile that sustains comparisons for several lines or for the entire poem

Figurative Language

a way of expression that does not use a word's strict or realistic meaning

Anthropomorphism

the attribution of human characteristics, emotions, and behaviors to animals or other non human things

Extended Metaphor

a metaphor or simile that sustains comparisons for several lines or for the entire poem

Hyperbole

an exaggerated statement or claim not meant to be taken literally; hyperbole is often used to evoke strong feeling or to create a strong impression

Metaphor

a direct comparison

Personification

the attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something nonhuman, or the representation of an abstract quality in human form

Simile

a comparison using like or as

Zoomorphism

the process of imposing animal attributes upon non-animal objects, humans, concepts, and events

Formal Verse

poetry that follows rules regarding stanza length and meter or rhyme patterns

Hyperbole

an exaggerated statement or claim not meant to be taken literally; hyperbole often used to evoke strong feelings or to create a strong impression

Imagery

vivid language that appeals to the senses

Inverted Syntax

lines or sentences that do not follow traditional sentence patterns, for example when the subject and verb or the object and subject are reversed

Mood

how the reader should feel upon reading a text

Pun

a play on words that sound alike but have different meanings

Refrain

a repeated word, phrase, line or group of lines, normally at some fixed position in a poem, especially at the end of a stanza

Repetition

the use of an element of language, more than once, generally used to draw attention to the repeated words

Tone

the speaker's or narrator's attitude towards the subject

Zoomorphism

the process of imposing animal attributes upon non-animal object, humans, concepts, and events

Epic

a long narrative poem in which a heroic protagonist engages in an action of great mythic or historical significance

Narrative

a poem that tells a story; can be about anything. Some narrative poems have a rhyme and or a rhythmic pattern and some do not

Alliteration

the repetition of usually initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words or syllables

Assonance

the use of words that have the same or very similar vowel sounds near one another

Consonance

recurrence or repetition of consonant sounds, especially at the end of stressed syllables without the similar correspondence of vowels

Onomatopoeia

the naming of a thing or action by vocal imitation of the sound associated with it

Visual

what you see

Auditory

what you hear

Tactile

what you touch

Olfactory

what you smell

Gustatory

what you taste

Organic

internal states

Kinesthetic

movement or tension

Antagonist

a character or force in conflict with a main character or protagonist

Conflict

struggle between opposing forces

Internal

a character in conflict with himself or herself

External

the tension in a situation between characters, or the actual opposition of characters; there may also occur conflict between a character and society or environment

Dialect

the language of a particular district, class, or group of persons

Dynamic Character

develops and grows during course of the story

Flat Character

an often easily recognized character type in fiction who is not fully delineated but is useful in carrying out some narrative purpose. a one dimensional character

Foreshadowing

the technique of arranging events and information in a narrative in such a way that later events are prepared for or shadowed forth beforehand

Frame Tale

a story within a story

Idiom

an expression whose meaning is not predictable from the usual meanings of its constituent elements

Irony

a literary device in which contradictory statements or situations reveal a reality that is different from what appears to be true

Dramatic

when the reader or audience knows more about the circumstances or future events than the characters in the scene

Situational

when the outcome is the opposite or completely different from what was expected

Verbal

when a speaker or narrator says one thing while meaning the opposite

Methods of Characterization

creating and developing character

Direct Characterization

writer makes direct statements about a character's personality and tells what the character is like; for example:

Indirect Characterization

the writer reveals information about a character indirectly. This requires the reader to analyze what the author is trying to reveal about the character.

Character's Own Speech

when the character says something that reveals the character's personality

Character's private thoughts

can reveal much about the character's personality in thoughts

Author's description of looks

when the character's countenance or attire reveals the character's personality

Character's actions

the character's choices of behavior reveal much about him or her.

What other characters say or think about the character

Other characters' comments on the character reveal personality

Naive Narrator

narrator, such as a child, who does not understand the full implications of the narrative

Unreliable Narrator

a narrator whose account of events appears to be faulty, misleadingly biased, or otherwise distorted

Point of View

the perspective from which a story is told

First person

the narrator is a character in the story

third person limited

Narrator sees the world through only one characters eyes and thoughts.

Third person omniscient

the narrator knows all of the thoughts and feelings of all of the characters in a work

Protagonist

main character

Rhetorical appeals

Rhetorical techniques used to persuade an audience by emphasizing what they find most important or compelling. The three major appeals are to ethos (character), logos (reason), and pathos (emotion).

Ethos

Ethical appeal

Pathos

emotional appeal

Logos

logic

Round Character

A character who demonstrates some complexity and who develops or changes in the course of a work

Static Character

A character that does not change from the beginning of the story to the end

Sympathetic character

A character whose situation you understand, sympathize with, or can relate to

Theme

Central idea of a work of literature

Topic

the subject treated in a paragraph or work

Unsympathetic character

a character with whom the audience is not meant to identify and/or sympathize

Opening statement

An introductory statement that addresses the topic and text being discussed in the paper. The opening statement should NOT introduce characters yet, but rather theme

TAG

Title, Author, Genre

Background Discussion

Brief and relevant background info about the plot, characters or themes as suggested by and relaed to the prompt