HPRS 1206 - Chapter 7

aden/o

gland

adren/o, adrenal/o

adrenal glands

cortic/o

outer surface

gonad/o

gonads, sex glands

pancreat/o

pancreas

pituitar/o, hypophys/o

pituitary gland

thym/o

thymus

thyr/o, thyroid/o

thyroid

gluc/o, glucos/o, glyc/o

sugar

crin/o

to secrete

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

stimulates thyroid gland

luteinizing hormone (LH)

causes ovulation; stimulates the secretion of progesterone; causes the secretion of testosterone in the testes

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

stimulates production of gonads (sex glands)

T3 and T4

body's metabolism

calcitonin

Lowers blood calcium levels

mineralcosteroids

balances minerals

glucocorticoids

balances sugar

hormon/o

hormone

ket/o

ketone bodies

-tropin

stimulating hormone

-emia

blood condition

-uria

urine condition

adrenalgia

pain in a gland

adrenal virilism

development of male secondary sexual characteristics caused by excessive secretion of the adrenal gland

adrenarche

beginning of adrenal secretion (at puberty)

hirsutism

excessive hair growth over the body in women

amenorrhea

absence of menstruation

gynecomastia

development of breast tissue in males

hypergonadism

condition of excessive secretion of the sex glands

hypogonadism

decrease or lack of hormones normally produced by the sex glands

menarche

the first menstrual period

thelarche

beginning of breast development

hypoglycemic

pertaining to low blood sugar

pancreatalgia

pain in the pancreas

polydipsia

excessive thirst

polyphagia

excessive eating

polyuria

excessive urination

acromegaly

enlargement of the extremities

galactorrhea

discharge of milk

pituitary dwarfism

abnormally short height caused by undersecretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland

pituitary gigantism

abnormally tall height caused by oversecretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland

exophthalmos

protrusion of the eyeball

goiter

enlargement of the thyroid gland

thyrocele

tumor of the thyroid gland

thyromegaly

enlargement of the thyroid gland

thyroptosis

downward displacement (drooping) of the thyroid

acidemia

abnormal acidity of the blood

alkalemia

abnormal alkalinity (opposite of acidity) of the blood

calciuria

calcium in the urine

chloremia

increased chloride in the blood

euglycemia

good blood sugar

glucosuria

sugar in the urine

hypercalcemia

excessive calcium in the blood

hypercholesterolemia

excessive cholesterol in the blood

hyperglycemia

high blood sugar

hyperkalemia

excessive potassium in the blood

hyperlipidemia

excessive fat in the blood

hypernatremia

excessive sodium in the blood

hyperphosphatemia

excessive phosphate in the blood

hypoglycemia

low blood sugar

ketonuria

ketones in the urine

uremia

urine in the blood

adrenaline

hormone secreted by the adrenal gland

epinephrine

hormone secreted by the adrenal gland

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland

corticotropin

shorter name for adrenocorticotropic hormone

glucagon

hormone secreted by the pancreas that stimulates the liver to increase blood sugar levels

glucocorticoid

hormone produced by the adrenal cortex with a role in carbohydrate metabolism

gonadotropin

hormone that stimulates the gonads

insulin

a hormone secreted by the pancreas that controls the metabolism and uptake of sugar and fats

thyrotropin

hormone that stimulates the thyroid

adenomegaly

enlargement of a gland

adrenomegaly

enlargement of the adrenal glands

euthyroid

normal thyroid function

gluconeogenesis

formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources

glycolysis

breakdown of sugar

glycopenia

deficiency of sugar

gonadogenesis

creation/development of gonads

metabolism

breakdown of matter into energy

endocrine

to secrete internally

endocrinologist

specialist in internal secretions

exocrine

secreting externally

glycemic index

ranking of food based on the way it affects sugar levels in the blood

ketogenesis

creation of ketone bodies

thyroid function tests

tests performed to evaluate the function of the thyroid

cholangiopancreatography

procedure used to examine the bile ducts and pancreas

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

procedure used to examine the bile ducts and pancreas in which an endoscope is passed backward from the digestive tract into the bile duct

adenitis

inflammation of a gland

adenopathy

gland disease

adenosis

abnormal condition of a gland

dysmetabolic syndrome

combination of medical disorders associated with faulty metabolism

ketosis

condition characterized by elevated levels of ketone bodies in the blood

polyadenopathy

disease involving many glands

adrenal insufficiency

condition in which the adrenal glands underproduce necessary hormones

adrenalitis

inflammation of the adrenal glands

adrenocortical insufficiency

condition in which the adrenal cortex underproduces necessary hormones

adenocorticohyperplasia

excessive development of the adrenal cortex

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

genetic disease in which the adrenal gland is overdeveloped, resulting in a deficiency of certain hormones and an overproduction of others

diabetes mellitus

metabolic disease characterized by excessive urination and hyperglycemia

diabetic ketoacidosis

acidity of the blood caused by the presence of ketone bodies produced when the body is unable to burn sugar; thus, it must burn fat for energy