12.1 Word Parts of the Urinary system

kidney condition caused by the obstruction of

glomerulus (plural: glomeruli)

Root: glomerulus/o
Example: glomerulopathy, glomerulonephritis

Kidney

Roots: nephr/o , ren/o
Example: nephrology, nephritis, renal failure

Renal pelvis

Root: pyel/o
Example: pyelonephritis, pyelitis

Urine

Roots: ur/o, urin/o
Example: urology, hematuria

Stone

Roots: lith/o
Example: lithiasis , lithotripsy

Bladder

Roots: cyst/o , vesic/o
Examples: cystotomy, cystitis, vesiculotomy, vesiculitis

Urethra

Roots: urethr/o
Example: urethostenosis , urethritis

Ureter

Root: ureter/o
Examples: ureterocele , ureterectomy

Opening

Root: meat/o
Examples: meatscope , meatal stenosis

Anuria

an / ur / ia = no / urine / condition
Definition: lack of uriration

Cystalgia

cyst / algia = bladder / pain
Definition: pain in the bladder

Cystodynia

cyst / dynia = cysta / pain
Definition: pain in the bladder

Cystoplegia

cyst / plegia = bladder / paralysis
definition: bladder paralysis

Dysuria

dys / ur / ia = bad / urine / condition
Definition: painful urination

Enuresis

from the Greek, for "to urinate
Definition: involuntary urination

Hematuria

hemat / ur / ia = blood / urine / condition
Definition: bloody urination

Incontinence

in / con / tinence = not / together / hold
Definition: inability to control urination

Nephhralgia

nephr / algia = kidney / pain
Definition: pain in the kidney

Nocturia

noct / ur / ia = night / urine / condition
Definition: nighttime urination

Nocturnal enuresis

Definition: nighttime involuntary urination

Oliguria

olig / ur / ia = few / urine / condition
Definition: low urine output P

Polydispia

poly / dips / ia = many / thirst / condition
Definition: excessive thirst

Polyuria

poly / ur / ia = many / urine / condition
Definition: excessive urination

Pyuria

py / ur / ia = pus / urine / condition
Definition: pus in the urine

Ureteralgia

ureter / algia = ureter / pain
Definition: pain in the ureter

Urethrodynia.

urethro / dynia = urethra / pain
Definition: pain in the urethra

Urethorrhea

urethro / rrhea = urethra / discharge
Definition: discharge from the urethra

Urocyanosis

uro / cyan / osis = urine / blue / condition
Definition: blue urine

Urodynia

uro / dynia = urine / pain
Definition: painful urination

Balanorrhea

balano / rrhea = penis / discharge
Definition: discharge from the penis

Orchialgia

orchi / algia = testicle / pain
Definition: testicle pain

Orchidotosis

orchido / ptosis = testicle / drooping condition
Definition: displacement of a testicle

Orchiodynia

orchio / dynia = testicle / pain
Definition : testicle pain

Priapism

Definition: persistent and painful erection

Albuminuria

albumin / ur / ia = protein / urine / condition
Definition: protein in the urine

Azotemia
Azoturia

azot / emia = nitrogen / blood condition
Definition: excess nitrogen in the blood
Note: The azot root comes from the two roots a (not) and zo (living). It was applied to nitrogen because things cannot live in it>

Azotorrhea

azoto / rrhea = nitrogen / discharge
Definition: excess nitrogen in the urine

Cystorrhexis

Cysto / rrhexis = bladder / rupture
Definition: rupture of the bladder

Dipsogenic

dipso / genic = thirst / creating
Definition: creating thirst

Glucosuria

glucos / ur / ia = sugar / urine / condition
Definition: sugar in the urine

Glycosuria

Glycos / ur / ia = sugar / urine / condition
Definition: sugar in the urine

Hyperkalemia

hyper / kal / emia = over / potassium / blood condition
Definition: excessive potassium in the blood

Hyponatremia

hypo / natter / emia = under / sodium / blood condition
Definition: low sodium in the blood

Ketolysis

keto / lysis = ketones / loose
definition: breakdown of ketones

Ketonuria

keton / ur / ia = ketones / urine / conditions
Definition: presence of ketones in the urine

Meatal stenosis

meat / al / sten / osis = opening / pertaining to / narrow / condition
Definition: narrowing of the opening of the urethra

Nephroptosis

nephro / ptosis = kidney/drooping condition
Definition: downward displacement of a kidney

Nephrosis

nephr / osis = kidney / condition
Definition: kidney condition

Uremia

ur / emia = urine / blood condition
Definition: urine in the blood

Ureterolithiasis

uretero / lith / iasis = ureter / stone / presence
Definitio: presence of stones in a ureter

Ureterostenosis

uretero / sten / osis = ureter / narrow / condition
Definition: narrowing of a ureter

Urethrospasm

urethro / spasm = urethra / involuntary contraction
Definition: involuntary contraction of the urethra

Urethrostenosis

urethro / stem / osis = urethra / narrowing / condition
Definition: process for examining the bladder

Cystoscopy

cysto / scopy = bladder / looking procedure
Definition: process for examining the bladder

meatoscope

meato / scope = opening/instrument to look
Definition: an instrument for examining the opening of the urethra

Meatscopy

meato / scopy = opening / looking procedure
definition: process for examining the opening of the urethra

Nephroscopy

nephro / scopy = kidney / looking procedure
Definition: procedure for examining a kidney

Resectoscope

re / secto / scope = back / cut / instrument to look
Definition: an instrument for examining and cutting (usually the prostate)

ureteroscopy

uretero / scopy = ureter / looking procedure
Definition: process of examining a ureter

Urethroscope

urethro / scope = urethra / scope
Definition:

Urethroscopy

urethro / scopy = urethra / looking procedure
Definition: process of examining the urethra

Urinalysis

definition: analysis of the urine to determine presence of abnormal elements

Cystitis

cyst / itis = bladder / inflammation
Definition: inflammation of the bladder

Cystocele

Cysto / cele = bladder / hernia
Definition: hernia of the bladder

Cystolith

cysto / lith = bladder / stone
Definition: store in the bladder

Cystoptosis

cysto / ptosis = bladder / dropping condition
Definition: downward displacement of the bladder x

Cytospasm

cysto / spasm = bladder / involuntary contraction
Definition: involuntary contraction of the bladder

Cystoureteritis

cysto / ureter / itis = bladder / ureter / inflammation
Definition: inflammation of the bladder and ureter

Cystourethrocele

cysto / urethro / cele = bladder / urethra / hernia
Definition: hernia of the bladder and urethra

glomerulonephritis

glomerulo / nephr / iris = glomerulus / kidney / inflammation
Definition: inflammation of the kidneys involving primarily the glomeruli

glomerulopathy

glomerulo / sclerosis = glomerulus / hardening
Definition: disease of the kidney involving

glomerulosclerosis

glomerulo / sclerosis = glomerulus / hardening
Definition: hardening of the glomeruli

hydronephorsis

hydro / nephr / osis = water / kidney / condition
Definition: kidney condition caused by the obstruction of urine flow

lithonephritis

litho / nephr / itis = stone / kidney / inflammation
Definition: inflammation of the kidneys caused by stones

nephritis

nephr / itis = kidney / inflammation
Definition: inflammation of the kidney

nephrocele

nephro / cele = kidney / hernia
Definition: hernia of a kidney

chlamydie

from Greek, for "cloak"
Definition: a sexually transmitted disease characterized by genital discharge and painful urination, caused by the bacterium Chlamydiatrachomatis

gonorrhea

gono / rrhea = gonad / rrhea = a sexually transmitted disease characterized by the discharge from the gonads, caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhaeae.

herpes simplex virus (HSV)

herpes comes from Greek, for "to creep"
Definition: a family of highly contagious viruses that effect mucous membranes and produce watery blisters that eventually scab over time

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

human immuno / deficiency virus = immune / deficiency
Definition: a disease that compromises a patient's immune system, leaving them open to opportunistic infections. The late stage of this disease is referred to as AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)

human papilloma virus (HPV)

human papill / Oma virus = nipple / tumor
Definition: a virus that can cause warts and pen cancerous lesions in genital areas

syphilis

Definition: a sexually transmitted disease characterized at first by skin irritations then later developing into neurological and heart symptoms, caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum

trichomoniasis

trichomon / iasis = trichomonas / presence of
Definition: a sexually transmitted disease characterized by genital itching, painful urination, and genital discharge, caused by the parasite trichomonas vaginalis

antispasmodic

anti / spasmod / ic = against / involuntary contraction / pertaining to
Definition: drug used to prevent spasms

diuretic

di / uret / ic = through / urine / pertaining to
Definition: an agent that causes urination

spermicide

spermi / cide = sperm / kill
Definition: agent that kills sperm

spermolytic

spermo / lytic = sperm / breakdown agent
Definition: agent that kills sperm

cystectomy

cyst / ectomyw = bladder / removal
Definition: surgical removal of the bladder

cystolithectomy

cysto / lith / ectomy = bladder / stone / removal
Definition: surgical removal of a stone in the bladder

cystotomy

cysto / stomy = bladder / opening
Definition: creation of an opening in the bladder

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

extra / corpor / eat = outside / body / pertaining to
shock wave litho / tripsy = shock wave stone / wear down procedure
Definition: breakdown of kidneys stones using sound waves generated outside the body

lithectomy

lith / ectomy = stone / removal
Definition: surgical removal of a stone

lithocystotomy

litho / cysto / tomy = stone / bladder / incision
definition: incision into the bladder to remove a stone

lithonephrotomy

litho / nephro / tomy = stone / kidney / incision

BUN

blood urea nitrogen

Bx

biopsy

Cath

catheter

ESWL

extracorporeal shock wave lithrotripsy

HD

hemodialysis

I&O

intake and output