Paint

paint is defined as a

suspension of a pigment in a vehicle/binder

3 case types for paint

B&E, hit&run, homicide

a coating is a __ and is synonymous with __

surface covering applied to provide color, protection, corrosion, resistance, etc, paint

architectural paint is typically

oil-based alkyds and water-based emulsions

binder provides the

support medium and even coating of the pigments/additives in paint

thermoplastic polymers means that the

resin polymerizes without heat

thermosetting polymer means that the

resin cross-links when baked

lacquer is a

clear or pigmented, fast-drying coating that dries by evaporation, rather than polymerization or oxidation

varnish is a

clear homogenous solution of drying oils and resins in organic solvents

stain is a

solution or dye or pigment used to color wood with no binder added

a stain is only used to __, not __

color, coat

Enamel is a pigmented coating that

dries to a hard gloss

Latex is a

suspension of pigments in a water-based emulsion of any resin

shellac is used as a __, __, or __

sealant, adhesive, or insulating varnish

shellac is made from the

excretions of certain insects

white pigments are in __ due to their __

most pigments, hiding capabilities

3 characteristics of white pigments

inorganic, low RI, low cost

white pigments are made of

titanium dioxide, antimony trioxide, zinc pigments, and lead pigments

extenders are used to

modify gloss, viscosity, flow, smoothness of film, and texture

which paints have a lot of extenders?

non-gloss or flat architectural paint

examples of extenders

barium sulfate, calcium sulfate, calcium carbonate, silicate pigments

3 characteristics of inorganic colored pigments

synthetic or natural, natural are used for oil paints, ROYGBIV and brown

3 characteristics of organic paints

huge variety in hue and performance, their hue and performance is based on chemical composition and modifying groups, and ROYGBIV

metallic pigments come in 2 forms

flake or powder

Leafing aluminum flakes are compounded with __ which allows the flakes to __

stearic acid, float to the surface

non-leafing aluminum flakes orient __ and __ tinted with color

randomly, can be

leafing aluminum flakes __ tinted with color

cannot

Interference colors have excellent

hiding power

interference colors have chromatic shifts depending on the

viewing angle

pearlescent pigments have a __ RI

high

pearlescent pigments are created when __ and __ are coated on __ or __

titanium dioxide or ferric oxide, mica or bismuth oxychloride flakes

black pigments are made from the

combustion of oil and gas

the most common black pigment

carbon black

oils are naturally occurring __ which form a __

triglycerides, film by oxidation

Oils are from __

vegetable and fish origin

oils can be 3 types

drying, semidrying, and nondrying types

the drying property is due to the

extent of unsaturation of the fatty acids

more double bonds means

dries faster

oils are found in 3 things

household paints, raw material for varnishes, feedstock

oils’ ___ and ___ can be altered depending on their end use

reactivity and ability to undergo polymerization when applied to a surface

driers are

metallic soaps

metallic soaps are

salts of mono carboxylic acids and a metal

solvents are used to

dissolve the binder and create consistency

solvents are usually

terpenes, naphtha, alcohols, ketones, and esters

plasticizers are used to

increase flexibility and workability of the paint, create superior weathering properties and impact resistance

the most common plasticizer is

di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DOP)

vehicles are always __

polymers

alkyd resins are made of linear and cross-liked polymers of

alcohols and acids

alkyd resins are used in

oil-based paints for household use

polyester resins are similar to alkyds but they do not

incorporate drying oils

polyester resins require __ or __ to cure

cross-linkers, resins

2 components of a polyester resin system

polyester (retains color and clarity) and epoxy (durability)

Acrylic Resins are made from

acrylate and methacrylate monomers

thermoplastic acrylic resins are used for

household use

thermosetting acrylic resins are used for

appliances, old cars

vinyl resins are mostly used to

modify other resins

vinyl resins increase the

polarity to produce water-based latex systems

PVC powder coatings can be used as __ on metal furniture, pipes, or fencing

bake coatings

epoxy resins are __ due to __

durable, C-C and ether bonding

one major example of an epoxy resin

Bisphenol A

BPA is __ resistant

chemical/corosion

urethane resins are__ with __

isocyanates with hydroxyl containing materials

urethane resins can be a __ system

one- or two- component

silicone resins are based on

siloxane bonds

amino resins are a condensation product of __

formaldehyde with urea or melamine

main characteristic of amino resins

they’re brittle and require the plasticizing action of another resin

automotive paint has 4 major layers

electrocoat primer, primer surfacer, basecoat/color coat, and clear coat

what is the metal pretreatment for

corrosion protection

what is the part of the metal pretreatment

plate-like crystals of zinc phosphate are electrolytically grown on the surface of the metals

this metal pretreatment converts the metal to __

galvanized sheet metal

the electrodeposition (E-coat) primer is used for

corrosion resistance

the e-coat provides

corrosion resistance

the e-coat is made of

epoxy-resins cross-linked with isocyanates

the primer surfacer is actually a

powder applied over the e-coat

thickness of the primer surfacer

35-40 um

the primer’s job

fill surface imperfections

the primer is made of

epoxy-modified polyesters and acrylic powders

the primer is highly __ to minimize the color __ between the __

pigmented, contrast, primer and e-coat

in the undercarriages and lower body panels, an __ is applied between the e-coat primer and the primer surfacer

anti-chip coating

nowadays, __ and __ components are used in topcoats for environmental concerns

less volatile, organic

a monocoat topcoat has

no clear coat layer

the two topcoats can be either a __ or __

multi-layered color basecoat +clear coat OR a metallic color basecoat + clear coat

the clear coat is usually

super thick

application of topcoats

basecoat applied and flashed, clearcoat applied and flashed, both coats are baked to promote cross-linking

the clearcoat is __ or __

acrylic-based, 2 component polyurethane resins

the clearcoat improves __, __, and __

gloss, durability, appearance

the clearcoat also provides __ and prevents __

etch resistance, yellowing

the basecoat is made of

acrylic/polyester melamine polymers

the basecoat must be

weather resistant (UV and acid rain)

refinishes can happen

in the manufacturing plant or outside of it

if the refinishing is done inside the same manufacturing plant, then the paint has the same

chemistry as the original paint

If the finishing was done outside the manufacturing plant, the paint is usually

alkyd enamels, acrylic-alkyd enamels, acrylic modified nitrocellulose lacquers, acrylic-urethane enamels, and acrylic lacquers

color of primer surfacer for dark colors

red

metallic flakes are usually in your

basecoat

the baking process promotes

cross-linking

if you see lacquers being used, the paint likely was put on by

a body shop

how we sprayed paint in the past

spray liquid with air spray gun

how we spray paint now

airless spray, high velocity paint droplets, electrostatic charge given to the droplets so they are attracted to the vehicle

powder technology means that the __ particles are attracted to the __

negative charged, electrically grounded car parts

powder technology is cured into a __ by__ , __, or __

heat, UV radiation, e- beam