Bone tissue terms list

Flashcard Front: "What bone cells are responsible for bone formation?

"Osteoblasts"

what mature bone cell maintain bone tissue

osteocytes

what cells break down bone tissue for resorption

osteoclasts

what is the basic structural unit of compact bone

osteon

what are the circular layers of the bone matrix in an osteon called

concentric bone lamellae

what are the outer layers of the bone that surround the diaphysis

"External circumferential bone lamellae"

"What are the inner layers of bone located near the medullary canal?"

"Internal circumferential bone lamellae"

"What are the fragments of lamellae located between osteons?"

"Interstitial bone lamellae

What is the central canal of an osteon that contains blood vessels and nerves?

osteonic canal

What are the channels that connect osteonic canals to each other and the periosteum?

Perforating canal

What canal runs perpendicular to osteonic canals in compact bone?

Transverse canal"

What are the lattice-like structures in spongy bone?

Trabeculae

What small cavities in bone tissue house osteocytes?

Lacuna

What tiny channels connect lacunae in bone tissue?

Canaliculi

What is the end part of a long bone called?

Epiphysis

What is the region between the epiphysis and diaphysis?

Metaphysis

What is the shaft of a long bone called?

Diaphysis

What is the growth plate in developing bones called?

Epiphyseal plate

What structure forms after the growth plate closes?

Epiphyseal line

What is the dense outer layer of connective tissue covering bones?

Periosteum

What is the thin membrane lining the medullary cavity?

Endosteum

What fibers anchor the periosteum to the bone?

Perforating fibers

What cavity in the diaphysis contains bone marrow?

Medullary canal

What openings allow blood vessels to enter the bone?

Nutrient canal or foramen

What vessels supply blood to the diaphysis?

Nutrient artery and vein

What vessels supply blood to the epiphysis?

Epiphyseal artery and vein

What vessels supply blood to the metaphysis?

Metaphyseal artery and vein

osteoblasts

• Definition: Cells that produce new bone matrix and are involved in bone formation.

• Location: Found on the surface of bones in areas of active growth or repair.

Osteocytes

• Definition: Mature bone cells that maintain the bone matrix.

• Location: Located in lacunae within bone tissue.

Osteoclasts

• Definition: Cells that break down bone tissue, important in bone remodeling.

• Location: Found on bone surfaces in areas of bone resorption, such as in the medullary cavity.

Osteon

• Definition: The functional unit of compact bone, consisting of concentric bone lamellae around an osteonic canal.

• Location: Found in compact bone, particularly in the diaphysis of long bones.

Concentric bone lamellae

• Definition: Circular layers of bone matrix that surround the osteonic canal.

• Location: In compact bone, forming part of the osteon structure.

External circumferential bone lamellae

• Definition: Layers of bone matrix that surround the outer surface of the bone.

• Location: Just beneath the periosteum of long bones.

Internal circumferential bone lamellae

• Definition: Layers of bone matrix lining the inner surface of the bone, near the medullary canal.

• Location: Adjacent to the medullary cavity inside long bones.

interstitial bone lamellae

• Definition: Remnants of old osteons found between newer ones.

• Location: In compact bone, between osteons.

osteonic canal

• Definition: The central canal of an osteon that contains blood vessels and nerves.

• Location: In the center of each osteon in compact bone.

Perforating canal

• Definition: Canals that connect osteonic canals and run perpendicular to them.

• Location: In compact bone, connecting osteonic canals to each other and the periosteum.

Transverse canal

• Definition: Another name for the perforating canal that runs horizontally in the bone.

• Location: Connecting osteons and osteonic canals.

Trabeculae

• Definition: Thin, rod-like structures that form the supportive framework of spongy bone.

• Location: Found in the spongy bone of the epiphyses and inside flat bones.

Lacuna

• Definition: Small spaces in bone tissue that house osteocytes.

• Location: Scattered throughout compact and spongy bone, within the matrix

canaliculi

• Definition: Tiny channels that connect lacunae, allowing communication and nutrient transfer between osteocytes.

• Location: Found in both compact and spongy bone, radiating from lacunae.

Epiphysis

• Definition: The rounded ends of a long bone.

• Location: At the proximal and distal ends of long bones.

Metaphysis

• Definition: The region between the diaphysis and epiphysis where growth occurs.

• Location: In growing bones, near the epiphyseal plate, between the shaft and ends.

Diaphysis

• Definition: The long, tubular shaft of a bone.

• Location: The central portion of long bones.

Epiphyseal plate

• Definition: A growth plate made of cartilage where bone length increases during development.

• Location: Between the epiphysis and metaphysis of growing bones.

Periosteum

• Definition: The remnant of the epiphyseal plate after growth has ceased.

• Location: In mature bones, between the diaphysis and epiphysis.

Endosteum

• Definition: A thin membrane lining the internal surface of bones.

• Location: Found lining the medullary cavity and trabeculae of spongy bone.

Perforating fibers

• Definition: Collagen fibers that secure the periosteum to the underlying bone.

• Location: Between the periosteum and bone surface.

Medullary canal

• Definition: The central cavity in long bones that contains bone marrow.

• Location: Inside the diaphysis of long bones.

Nutrient canal or foramen

• Definition: Openings in bone through which blood vessels and nerves pass.

• Location: Typically located in the diaphysis of long bones.

Nutrient artery and vein

• Definition: Blood vessels that supply the diaphysis and inner layers of bone.

• Location: Entering through the nutrient foramen into the medullary cavity.

Epiphyseal artery and vein

• Definition: Blood vessels that supply the epiphysis of long bones.

• Location: Found in the ends of long bones.

Metaphyseal artery and vein

• Definition: Blood vessels that supply the metaphysis of long bones.

• Location: Found in the region of bone growth between the epiphysis and diaphysis.