AP Gov Chapter 2 Quiz

faction

group of people with the same interest

what is bad about a faction?

will try to get what they want even if it hurts others

"enlightened statesmen will not always be at the helm"

don't have a government based on good leaders

what form of government does Madison want to create?

republic

what does a large republic protect us from?

factions

why is the majority not always right?

the majority can be a faction

pure democracy

all power to the people to decide for everyone

two examples of a faction

creditors and debtors

How to prevent factions?

destroy liberty

What kind of government controls factions effect?

federal republic

how do we make decisions with a republic?

laws and ideas go through a filter with a board of chosen representatives

a wise, trusted representative

trustee

What are The Federalist Papers?

A collection of eighty-five essays written to explain the theory behind the United States Constitution.

Who were the three authors of The Federalist?

James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay

What was the authors' main objective in writing The Federalist?

To promote ratification of the Constitution

Federalists

Supported the constitution and Anti-Federalists Opponents of the Constitution

Who wrote The Federalist 10?

James Madison

Among the numerous advantages promised by a well constructed union, none deserves to be more accurately developed, than its tendency to break and control the violence of faction.

Factions. Madison argues for the general political importance of breaking and controlling factions and points in particular to the "factious spirit" of the time.

Define faction

A group of citizens united by a common feeling, idea or opinion

Why factions are considered dangerous to republican government.

Madison believed that factions operate in their own interest and ignore the rights of other citizens and/or the interest of the community.

What are two ways in which factions can be cured?

By removing the causes of factions OR by controlling the effects

How does the author "shoot down" the possibility of removing the causes?

You cannot remove the causes of factions because to do so, you would have to destroy liberty and freedoms that allow them to exist. If you destroy liberty and freedom you destroy government.

What is the most common cause for the development of factions?

the unequal distribution of property

The author states "No man should be judge in his own case." However, legislators ("a body of men") are inevitably interested in much of the legislation that they consider. Is there a remedy for this?

Only if it were possible to have "enlightened statesmen" who are only concerned with justice and public good. BUT enlightened statesmen will not always be available or in power.

In ruling out removing the cause of factions (freedom), Madison implies that if the causes of factions cannot be eliminated then the only alternative is to:

Control its effects ( Control Factions)

How can a minority faction be controlled?

It will be defeated by a regular vote

How can a majority faction be controlled?

either by preventing it in the first place or by making it incapable of putting its schemes (opinions/plans) into effect by creating a large republic

What is pure democracy ?

In a pure democracy each citizen represents himself or herself. Majority rule.

Why is pure democracy often considered the ideal government?

It would seem best for each person to speak and vote for himself

Why can't pure democracies deal justly with majority factions?

There is nothing to control a majority interest. In Madison's day, the debtors were using their majority power to take from the creditors. Pure democracies are based on majority rule.

Madison presents his solution to the problem of factions. What does he state is the cure? (hint: type of government)

A large republic or representative government

How is it that republics, especially large ones, can deal more effectively with the problems generated by majority factions? (two reasons).

Republics can represent larger numbers of citizens and recruit the best from a larger pool of talent.

What is the major advantage of having Republics represent larger number of citizens?

The effect of having elected representatives is to refine and enlarge the public views by passing them through the medium of a chosen body of its wiser citizens. .

What might be the major disadvantage of a large republic?

The representatives may not be well acquainted with local circumstances and with the minority's interests

Why does the author believe that the new federal constitution provides the necessary balance?

The Constitution provides for two distinct legislatures and leaves state and local governments in place (creates federalism system)

The Constitution provides for two distinct legislatures, name the two

A national legislature to decide "great and aggregate interests" A state legislatures for local and particular interests.

Identify the principle that the author is defending when he refers to national legislature to decide "great and aggregate interests" and a state legislatures for local and particular interests.

Federalism

What arguments does the author make to support his claim that large (number of electors) and extensive (territory) republics afford the best control of factions?

Extended republics encompass a greater variety of parties and interests, making it less probable that a factious majority can be formed or that it can act

Purpose:

One of the most famous of the Federalist Papers, No. 51 addresses means by which appropriate checks and balances can be created in government and also advocates a separation of powers within the national government.

What question does Madison ask in his first? How does he answer it?

"What method should we use, then, to maintain the necessary partition of power between the difference branches as laid down in the Constitution?" = All outside provisions are inadequate, must have 3 branches

Madison lists three ways to protect the "separate and distinct exercise of the different powers of government". What are those?

Each branch has its own abilities in government. Each branch should not be able to appoint members of other branches.

Three ways that the different powers of government are kept separate and distinct:

1. When appointing judiciary members, they must meet qualifications

2. All members of each branch must be appointed by the people

In what is "government itself the greatest of all reflections on human nature"?

Madison is recognizing that humans are capable of great things but are just as easily susceptible

What does Madison mean when he refers to "the policy of supplying, by opposite and rival interests, the defect of better motives"?

It means the policy of correcting wrong and opposite interests or checks and balances

What does Madison say is one remedy to ensure that the legislative branch, the strongest branch, does not abuse its power?

To divide the legislative into two groups w/ different means of election and different representatives

What is a compound republic? What is this double security?

**Compound republic: where power is divided into state and federal governments. That are divided into separate branches The government will control themselves and each other (double security)

How does the federal organization of the American republic protect against the tyranny of the majority?

By creating a community and by recognizing society as diverse as possible to prevent such events

What lines in Federalist 51 echo Hobbes' words in Leviathan?

Humans=inherently bad If men were angels, we wouldn't need government

Brutus claimed our government was

Weak

Brutus urges people to fully read the proposal for the constitution because

This form of government will get rid of their liberty

What rarely happens once people part with power

They can never resume it again, only by force

Brutus was an

Antifederalist

Brutus was named after what

A Roman senator who killed Caesar

How did antifederalist view themselves

Protecting republic tyranny

Brutus feared what type of government would become irrelevant

State government

Dangers

No representation of people, tyranny, clash of opinion

Brutus preferred a what type of democracy

Participatory

According to Brutus what may happen to the power of 13 states

Power may decrease

What clauses in the constitution may lead to states having less power

Supremacy clause and necessary and proper clause

The proposed legislatures power to tax is virtually what

Unalienable

What idea is totally lost since the proposed constitution provides the power to tax to the federal government

Idea of confederation

What warning Cora Brutus issue about the possible future of state governments

State government could lose power

Why might a standing army be a danger to liberty

Take away freedom

What will a powerful system of federal courts do to the courts of the 13 states

States will be independent, government will have more power

What potential danger lies in the necessary and proper clause

Government could create any law they want it

Why must the power of the states be retained

No one over powers

Against what element of human nature does Brutus worn

Power

Buddhist believe that our republic maybe be doomed because of what simple fact

Not everyone participates as well as big populations

Both Montesquieu and the Beccarari both contended that what type of a republics are the most successful

Small

What is the logical end of our future public

Republic will begin to become too big in fall

What does Brutus think will be the result of a large and growing republic

Policy gridlock will prevent progress

To what future historical event is Brutus perhaps alluding

The Civil War

What form of democracy is Brutus against

Pluralist, lead to an decision

Where does confidence rest and a small republic

People knowing rulers, holding them responsible and the ability to remove them

How my last being forced wants the people have no confidence in their government

Armed Forces

What will eventually happen to the relationship between the representative and the government

Representatives above people leading to abuse of power with only self in mind

What fact about humanity is Brutus acknowledging

When given power people use it to get what they want despite how it affects others

Curtis is an anti-federalist FaceTime his statements would you say he is more conservative or liberal

Conservative, he didn't want the constitution to be adopted

As a result of our new government structure, what governments will soon become irrelevant

State governments

What power of our new government will destroy the confederation

Power to tax, supremacy clause

What are the two clauses of the proposed Constitution Brutus find most frightening

Supremacy clause and the necessary and proper clause

what type of government is the eventual result of Republicans that have grown too large

Tyranny

Our new government cannot function in the pluralist or elitist model because

Pluralist leads to indecision Elitist was feared because of to much national power

What size of republic is most desired for the people of United States

Small

For how long does Brutus believe our new republic will exist

Not very long, will lead to tyranny

Articles of Confederation

The first Constitution of the United States

Articles of Confederation did not establish...

Courts, Executive / President

Under the Articles of Confederation who had the final authority in all matters?

The States

Why were the Articles of Confederation replaced by the U.S. Constitution?

to form a stronger government

When were the Articles of Confederation ratified?

During the American Revolution.

Powers granted to the federal government under the Articles of Confederation.

determine peace & war; decide disputes between states; establish and regulate interstate post offices.

Collecting taxes

Power denied to the Federal Government under the Articles of Confederation

Shays' Rebellion

conflict in Massachusettes that demonstrated the need to change the Articles

The authors of the Articles of Confederation...

feared concentration of power in national government

Which important legislation was passed while the Articles of Confederation were in effect?

The Northwest Ordinance

The Northwest Ordinance

provided the basis for governing much of western territory. the law created a new territory north of the Ohio River which would eventually be divided into three to five states.

13

of states in the Articles of Confederation.

How did voting work in Congress under the Articles of Confederation?

Each state received one vote.

The Articles of Confederation weak government can be best described as ...

"a firm league of friendship"

How many branches of government were created under the Articles of Confederation?

One