Exam 2 Parts

gluteus maximus

extends thigh at hip joint and laterally rotates thigh

arm prime movers

pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, deltoid

Synergist

Muscle that assists a prime mover

thigh flexors

iliacus, psoas major, rectus femoris, sartorius, adductor longus

rotator cuff

group of muscles and their tendons that hold the head of the humerus securely in place as it rotates within the shoulder joint

rotator cuff muscles

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

cranial nerve 5

trigeminal nerve. mediates the facial sensations of pain or touch

All innervated by cranial nerve

VII (facial nerve)

Mentalis

pout

buccinator

compresses cheek, holds food between teeth during chewing

zygomaticis major

smile

orbicularis oris

pucker lip

platysma

tense neck

orbicularis oculi

Closes eyelids; used in blinking, winking, and squinting

calcitonin

Lowers blood calcium levels

thyroid

parathyroid hormone

increases blood calcium levels

growth hormone

hormone secreted by anterior pituitary gland

that stimulates growth of bones

expiration

breathing out

inspiration

breathing in

intercostal muscles

muscles between the ribs

move during breathing

C5 cranial nerve

Trigemenal

Chewing muscles

Buccinator, Masseter, Temporalis

hinge joint

elbow and knee

ball and socket joint

shoulder and hip

pivot joint

neck

only allows for rotation

axial skeleton

Portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column

appendicular skeleton

bones of the shoulder, pelvis, and upper and lower extremities

Largest muscle in the body

gluteus maximus

how does the gluteus Maximus move

-works with the semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscles to extend the hip.

-The muscle also works in conjunction with the iliopsoas, piriformis, and obturator muscles to externally rotate the hip.

-extension, external (lateral) rotation, abduction and adduction of the thigh.

Muscles of the rotator cuff

SITS

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Teres Minor

Subscapularis

where sternocleidomastoid originates

'Sterno' and 'cleido' refer to the two origins

where sternocleidomastoid inserts

the sternum and clavicle, and 'mastoid' refers to the insertion of the muscle, the mastoid process.

medius muscle

muscle lying between the gluteus maximus and gluteus minimus.

minimus muscle

The smallest muscle of a muscle group

Piriformis

laterally rotates and abducts thigh

obturator externus

laterally rotates thigh

obturator internus

nerve to obturator internus

laterally rotates thigh

gemellus related to rotation

ROTATES HIP

Thigh flexors pass in front of hip joint

-Iliopsoas (iliacus and psoas major): prime mover of flexion

-Tensor fasciae latae

-Rectus femoris

-Assisted by medial adductors and sartorius

rotator cuff function

help to maintain the stability of the shoulder joint

and rotate shoulder

pulled muscle

Result from stretching a muscle too far, causing some of the fibers to tear apart.

A lateral curvature of the spine is known as

scoliosis

strained muscle

overstretched muscle so fibers tear, muscle contracts and becomes swollen due to internal bleeding

injury to a muscle or tendon

sprain

injury to a ligament

lordosis

swayback

kyphosis

hunchback, exaggerated thoracic curvature

what order is the spine in?

cervical, thoracic, lumbar

hernia

Protrusion of an organ through the wall of the cavity that normally contains it

herniated (slipped) disc

-Protrusion of the nucleus pulposus

-Most commonly in lumbar region

-Pressure on spinal nerves causes pain

-Surgical removal of disc after laminectomy

where is back pain most common

lumbar area

Osteoarthritis

inflammation of the bone and joint

not auto-immune

w/ age

rheumatoid arthritis

A chronic systemic disease characterized by inflammation of the joints, stiffness, pain, and swelling that results in crippling deformities

gouty arthritis

inflammation and painful swelling of joints caused by excessive uric acid in the body

Sternocleidomastoid muscle sites

The sternocleidomastoid muscle originates from two locations: the manubrium of the sternum and the clavicle. It travels obliquely across the side of the neck and inserts at the mastoid process of the temporal bone of the skull

facial muscles

frontalis, orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris, buccinator, zygomaticus

purpose of nasal cavity

filter, moisten, and warm air

smiling muscle

zygomaticus major

Q: What connects the pieces of the skull?

parts of the skull and where they are located

sutures or synarthrosis

Q2: look at pic attached

troponin needs

CALCIUM!

binds to Ca++ ions which repositions tropomyosin exposing the binding sites

Troponin is useful why?

tells us how cardiac muscles were affected

skeletal muscle

A muscle that is attached to the bones of the skeleton and provides the force that moves the bones.

striated

voluntary

cardiac muscle

Involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart.

striated

smooth muscle

Involuntary muscle found inside many internal organs of the body

Atherosclerosis

hardening of the arteries

intermittent claudication

pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest

metabolic pathway in relation to ATP

glycolysis - glucose oxidation in order to obtain ATP. citric acid cycle (Krebs' cycle)

What is glycolysis?

the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid.

phases of muscle twitch

latent, contraction, relaxation

LCR

love caramel rabbits

The oxygen-binding protein found in muscle cells is \________.

myoglobin

gouty arthritis

a type of arthritis

not autoimmune, inflammatory disorder