Cold War Narrative Account

When was the Grand Alliance formed?

22nd June 1941

What years was the Grand Alliance active?

1941-1945

When was the Tehran Conference?

28th November - 1st December 1943

2nd front Agreement (UK + USA)

To invade France in May 1944

Disagreement: Churchill wanted

Allied invasion in the Balkans

Why did Churchill want the Allied Invasion?

To prevent red army w/ all East Europe

When was the Yalta Conference?

4th February - 11th February 1945

Germany + Berlin division

4 zones (USA, USSR, UK, France)

Eastern Europe would be USSR’s

‘Sphere of influence’

When was the Potsdam conference?

17th July - 2nd August 1945

Germany reparations

To Allied Powers, but mostly USSR

Industrial goods from West zones

USSR got 1/4

Allied Powers got

Food + coal from East zone

Disagreement: Stalin wanted Germany

Destroyed (25 million deaths compensation)

When was the Long Telegram sent

February 22nd 1946

When was the Novikov telegram sent?

September 1946

Moscow 1946

Kennan sent Long Telegram, influenced Truman’s policies

Novikov Telegram

Retaliation from Nikolai Novikov, hardened Stalin’s attitude to USA

Who was George Kennan

USA Deputy Chief of Mission at US Embassy

Who was Nikolai Novikov

USSR Ambassador to USA

When was USSR expansion?

1945-1948

November 1946: Romania

Communists got 80% of vote

August 1947: Hungary

Communists w/ large share of votes + took over

When was the Truman Doctrine?

1947

March 1947

Truman announced US support to Greece

Atomic Bomb

Truman wanted to use as a threat

When was the Marshall Plan?

1948

Organisation for European Economic Recovery

16 countries

1953: USA already given

$17 billion to European countries

When was Cominform made?

1947

Cominform

Communist Information Bureau

Pres. Tito refuse USSR, so

Yugoslavia expelled from Cominform

When was Comecon made?

1949

Comecon

Council for Mutual Assistance

Comecon encouraged

Economic specialisation (USSR use)

Czechoslovakia + East Germany

Heavy industry

Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria

Food + raw materials

When did USSR leave the Allied Control Commission?

March 1948

When was the Allied Control Commission set up?

1945

When were the Currency disputes?

June 1948

West Germany currency

Deutschmark

East Germany currency

Ostmark

When was the Berlin Blockade?

24th June 1948

Stalin blocked

Rail, road, canal

When was the Berlin Airlift?

28th June 1948

BA: landing time

90 second intervals

Truman: B-29 atomic bombs

To UK (warning to USSR)

When did BA + BB end?

12th May 1949

When were the 2 German Republics created?

1949

May 1949: West zones + West Berlin form

Federal Republic of Germany

October 1949: USSR makes

German Democratic Republic

When was the death of Stalin?

5th March 1953

How long did Stalin rule?

30 years

When was the Secret Speech?

25th February 1956

Poland 1956

Successfully demanded more freedoms

Hungary: July 1956

Mátyás Rakosi deposed

When did the Hungarian Uprising begin?

23rd October 1956

25th October 1956: USSR tanks

Kill 12, injure 100

When did the USSR invade Hungary?

4th November 1956

USSR Hungary invasion: troops

200,000

USSR Hungary invasion: tanks

6,000

When was Nagy executed

16th June 1958

Other Hungarian rebel deaths

20,000

Hungarian political refugees

200,000

January 1961

Refugees increased

1949-1961

4 million East Germans to West Germany

Refugees: Maths dept.

Uni of Leipzig

When was the Berlin Ultimatum?

10th November 1958

BU: Krushchev asked

West to leave in 6 months

Khrushchev accused the West of

Breaking the Potsdam Agreement

When was the Paris Summit scheduled?

14th May 1960

U2 spy plane

Found over Sverdlovsk

When was the Vienna Summit?

June 1961

Vienna Summit: Khrushchev wanted

West out of West Berlin - Kennedy refused

July 1961: USA defence spending

Increased by $3.5 billion

July 1961: USSR said defence spending

Would then increase by over 30%

When was the Berlin Wall built

13th August 1961

Berlin Wall start

43km barbed wire

Berlin Wall later

3\.6m high, 1.2m wide

When was Checkpoint Charlie?

October 27th 1961

Checkpoint Charlie: USA

10 M-48 tanks

Checkpoint Charlie: USSR

36 T-55 tanks

When was the Cuban Revolution?

1st January 1959

Fulgencio Batista rule

1952-1959

Fidel Castro

New Cuban leader, lead revolution

Bahia de Cochinos invasion

17th April 1961

How many Cuban exiles?

Around 1500

CIA budget, Cuban exiles training

$45 million

USSR military build up in Cuba

1961-1962

Cuba military build up: missiles

12 IRBMs, range 3500km

Cuba military build up: people

20,000 USSR military personnel

When di the USA find missiles in Cuba?

14th October 1962

When was the USA blockade to Cuba?

24th October 1962

USA blockade to Cuba: missiles

156 missiles

USA blockade to Cuba: submarines

Fleet of Polaris submarines

When were the soft letter/ hard letter incidents?

26th October - 28th October 1962

Softer letter: 26th October 1962

Remove missiles + blockade, promise to not invade Cuba

Hard letter: 27th October 1962

USSR remove Cuba missiles, USA remove Turkey missiles

When was Novotny’s fall from power

1965-1968

1962-1963: Czechoslovakia

National income fell