appendicular skeleton: vertebral column

how many vertebrae are there in the human body?

33: (7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 4 coccygeal)

• breakfast @ 7, lunch @12, dinner @5

• 5 fused sacral vertebrae

• 4 fused coccygeal vertebrae

spinous process

transverse process

superior articular facet

superior articular process

vertebral foramen

body

pedicle

pedicle

vertebral arch

anterior tubercle

superior articular facet

transverse foramen

• only CERVICAL vertebrae have this

transverse process

posterior tubercle

posterior arch

anterior arch

dens

superior articular facet

transverse foramen

transverse process

pedicle

lamina

spinous process

• bifid (diverges into two points)

body

spinous process

superior articular facet

• has flat surface

costal facet

transverse process

body

superior articular facet

costal facet

body

costal demifacet

inferior articular facet

spinous process

• points downwards at an angle (posterior-inferiorly)

costal facet

body

• thickest of the vertebrae

superior articular facet

transverse process

spinous process

• thickest of the vertebrae

transverse process

superior articular facet

spinous process

inferior articular facet

body

what is the space between vertebrae?

intervertebral discs

• contains fibrocartilage

base

superior articular process

• only visible on anterior side of sacrum

anterior sacral foramina

transverse ridges

apex

coccyx

• consists of C1-C5; fused

superior articular facet

• only visible in the posterior side of sacrum

sacral canal

median sacral crest

posterior sacral foramina

sacral hiatus

coccyx

manubrium

suprasternal notch

• notch (dip) above the sternum)

clavicular notch

costal notch

sternal angle

body

xiphoid process

costal cartilage

floating ribs

true ribs

• direct connection to sternum via costal cartilages

false ribs

• indirect connection to sternum (each connects to costal cartilage 7)

costal notch

• region where costal cartilage articulates with sternum

junction w/costal cartilage

shaft

costal groove

articular facet (for transverse process)

inferior articular facet (for vertebral bodies)

crest

superior articular facet (for vertebral bodies)

head

neck

tubercle

angle

costal facet

costal demifacet

head

• in the image, the ____ is articulating with the thoracic vertebrae

neck

tubercle

costal facet

coronoid tubercle

acromial end

costal tuberosity

sternal end

• you can feel this

coronoid process

suprascapular notch

superior boarder

superior angle

suprascapular fossa

lateral boarder

glenoid cavity

lateral angle