Psychology Final Study

Why do placebos sometimes have an actual effect on the body?

1\.Patients who take placebos sometimes expect to get better. \n 2.Patients who take placebos may be influenced by suggestions.

Only about ten percent of all psychologists work in educational settings such as schools.

false

The group participating in the crucial part of the experiment is the...

experimental group

B.F. Skinner was a famous behaviorist who focused on observable behavior.

true

A placebo is a...

medicine with no active ingredients

William James started the first laboratory for studying humans.

false

Which of the following would be the most accurate conclusion about the effects of the moon on mental health?

Lunacy is not influenced by phases of the moon

According to the cognitive approach, our personality is made up of different kinds of thoughts.

true

Why is it important to control or eliminate different variables when conducting an experiment?

1-so that false cause-and-effect relationships are not made
2-so that irrelevant variables do not affect the outcome of the experiment
3-so that researchers can isolate the variables in question for a particular study and reach conclusions about those variables

To find out if childhood experiences cause problems in adulthood, the best approach would be a...

case study

John Watson was the founder of psychoanalysis.

false

There is a small island off the coast of Zymopia where the villagers eat raw insects. Who is most likely to form a stereotype about one of these villagers?

someone who has very little knowledge about Zymopians

Psychology is considered a field that scientifically studies humans.

false

The cognitive approach says that learning is the main cause of humans behaving as they do.

false

According tot eh biopsychological approach, the physical system is considered to be the main cause of behavior.

true

That which the experimenter changes to see how it affects other factors is called the...

independent variable

Sigmund Freud was the founder of psychoanalysis.

true

A field study is always...

conducted away from a laboratory

A theory provides a framework for studying a subject.

true

According to the psychoanalytic approach, our behavior is controlled by unconscious forces.

true

The two most common methods used in research to discover how people approach problems are...

interview and case-study

Animals are often used for experimentation because they...

share many human behaviors

Stanley has been taking pills for his headaches for ten years and Stanley believes the pills have helped. His wife finds out that the pills have been placebos all along. Should she tell him?

No, she should not ell him because Stanley's belief in the pills, not the pills, can actually alter his brain chemistry

Which of the following methods of psychological research involves asking questions about feelings and behaviors to a select group?

survey

The group not participating in the crucial part of the experiment is the...

control group

If surveys are conducted correctly, they...

produce accurate results

The biggest problem with the interview method is that...

information may be presented in a favorable light

The following two questions relate to s study on gender bias:
1) In a study on gender bias that is discussed in the textbook, male subjects who had personally worked for a female manager rated female candidates in the experiment...
2) What would be the dependent variable in the previous question?

1) higher than male candidates
2) the rankings

The founder of the cognitive approach to human behavior was Carl Rogers.

false

Which of the following is an advantage of using naturalistic observation over other methods of research?

subjects will behave as they normally do

That which changes as a result of what the experiment does is called the...

dependent variable

Experimenter Jane and subject Bill are both involved in the same double-blind study. Which of the following is true?

neither Jane nor Bill knows if Bill is an experimental or control subject

Which of the following study types involves fixed questions?

a psychological test

The theory which states that humans develop their personalities based on mental processes is called the behavioral approach.

false

In a naturalistic observation experiment, the subjects...

act normally because they are not aware they are being observed

Only twenty percent of your mail surveys are returned. Why might conclusions drawn from these surveys be flawed?

the people who returned the survey probably do not represent the general population

The sociocultural approach places emphasis on the fact that each person can make life worthwhile.

false

When conducting a survey, the most important issue is the...

kind of people chosen to participate

The view of human behavior which says that behavior is influenced by unconscious feelings is called psychoanalysis.

true

Which of the following study types involves long time periods?

a longitudinal study

One way to overcome bias in an interview is to use...

a psychological test

A hypothesis is a...

educated guess

The sociocultural approach stresses the importance of looking at thought processes as the cause of human behavior.

false

According to the behavioral approach, previous learning determines behavior in present situations.

true

Of the two basic kinds of psychologists, those that treat patients and clients are applied psychologists.

true

A study that traces an individual's development from birth to twenty-five years of age makes use of...

a longitudinal method

The humanistic approach believes that all people are good and can help themselves be even better.

true

The process of looking into yourself to explain what is there is called eclecticism.

false

Which of the following study types involves different age groups?

a cross-sectional study

Subliminal perception takes place...

at a level below conscious awareness

Which part of the brain could be damaged if the patient has difficulty with speaking, pronunciation, and other motor aspects of speech?

frontal lobe

Complete the analogy: infrared is to ultraviolet as...

slow is to fast

Binocular disparity and visual texture help us...

perceive depth

The pituitary signals the thyroid, whose job is to control...

metabolism

Which of the following supports the theory that subliminal messages may alter behavior?

there's no real proof that subliminal messages have any effect on behavior

Someone hits you hard on the forehead. Which of the following is the most likely reason why you suddenly see spots before your eyes?

the nerves around the occipital lobe smash into the skull and cause the spots

Which of the following would most likely happen if a person's corpus callosum were cut?

the patient would not be able to verbally communicate what the right hemisphere knows

Which of the following best describes why we perceive color?

light hits various objects and bounces back at us at different speeds and stimulates receptors in the eyes

If Jane's hypothalamus were damaged, which of the following is most likely to occur?

Jane would not feel full or hungry; Jane's sexual desire would be affected

Which of the following is the best definition of size constancy?

objects looks the same on the retina regardless of distance from us

Though all parts of the brain contribute to language, which of the following plays the greatest role in language (for the majority of people)?

left temporal and left frontal lobes

The cerebellum...

keeps us physically coordinated; helps us catch a ball; helps us arrive at our destination

The Muller-Lyer illusion fools us because...

one line seems farther away than another

The RAS changes in response to...

emergencies; changes in rhythm in one's surroundings; emotional thoughts

Which two senses are most likely to determine whether we like a certain food?

taste and smell

Beethoven was deaf during the last few years of his life but continued to compose music. Which lobe most likely allowed him to hear the music even though he was deaf?

occipital

Which part of the brain could be damaged if the patient has difficulty in the visual aspects of language, like reading?

occipital lobe

Which of the following is not true of cone receptors?

cones respond best ot ultraviolet wavelengths of light

There seems to be convincing evidence to suggest...

that left-handedness is genetically programmed during development

John is among the eight percent of males who are color-blind. Which cone systems probably do not work for John?

red and green

Why are some fire departments painting their trucks a yellowish green instead of red?

This color provides the best visibility at night and day. \n Red can be a difficult color to see as it gets darker. \n Humans can see a range of energy wavelengths, and yellowish green falls in the middle of that range.

You are a surgeon operating on the brain. You apply electrical stimulation to different areas of the motor strip. Which of the following is most likely to happen?

the patient's arm will twitch

Which part of the brain could be damaged if the patient has difficulty with grammar and other rules of language?

temporal lobe

The primary role of the thalamus is to...

relay messages from the body to the brain and vice versa

Which part of the brain could be damaged if the patient has difficulty in creating and organizing sentences?

Wernicke's area

Which of the following is most likely to occur if the reticular activating system (RAS) is suddenly overloaded by a major injury to the head?

the victim would become unconscious since the RAS would temporarily shut down

If someone's left hemisphere is dominant, the person will probably be...

right-handed

Five-year-old Jake stopped growing because of a major reduction in the release of growth hormones. Which of the following most likely caused this?

an extremely poor diet; a defective thyroid gland

Statistically, left-handed people are likely to excel in...

nonverbal aspects of activities like art and music

If Phil's cerebral cortex was damaged but his lower brain was unaffected, which of the following would most likely happen?

Phil's intelligence would decline

A neuron is an individual nerve cell that...

communicates through neurotransmitters; transmits chemical information; transmits electrical information

Roger's corpus callosum is cut. An image of a pencil is flashed and registers only in his left hemisphere:
1) What if the image of the pencil were registered only in the right hemisphere?
2) Which of the following can Roger do successfully?

1) he could draw a picture of a pencil with his left hand
2) ...

Jenny feels the touch of a feather on her left thumb. Where is this information registered in the brain?

in the right sensory strip

Cutaneous receptors respond to...

cuts, temperature changes, and physical pressure

Cilia in the nose...

collect molecules of odor to send to the olfactory bulbs

Which of the following best describes why we perceive reversible figures?

the brain can't decide on a signal interpretation of a picture

The cornea, or the outer covering of the eye, often looks shiny because...

of the reflection of fluid behind the cornea

Why is it a good idea to look slightly away from an object that you are trying to see at night?

you will make better use of the dense concentration of rods packed on the sides of the retina

The sensory strip is located in the...

parietal lobe and registers sensations

The frontal association area

\-helps us restrain our irrational urges \n -helps us to make complex decisions \n -essentially makes up what we call our personality \n -essentially makes up what we call our personality

does all of the above

Which of the following best describes the distinction between sensation and perception?

sensation refers to data from the environment, and perception refers to the interpretation of that data

Which part of the brain could be damaged if the patient has difficulty in reading braille because the brain cannot distinguish the touch of one letter with another?

parietal lobe

What happens when we walk out of a dark movie theater into the bright sunshine?

the iris responds by closing, gradually decreasing the amount of light that will be let in

In what way does the adrenal gland prepare us for an emergency?

it releases adrenaline which increases blood pressure; it releases a chemical that helps the blood clot faster

Fissure is the term that generally refers to the depression between...

the frontal and parietal lobes in the brain; the motor strip and sensory strip in the brain; the hemispheres of the brain

Which of the following is the best explanation for why we see afterimages?

when we look away, united cones fire to balance the chemicals used up during staring

Which lobe would most likely help you picture an art project even before it is completed?

occipital

The high or low of a sound is referred to as \______, and the complexity of a sound is known as \_______.

pitch, timbre

Which of these terms best relates to the female sex glands that produce eggs?

ovaries

Which of these terms best relates to the part of the inner brain that controls such basic needs and desires as pleasure, pain, fear, rage, hunger, thirst, and sex?

hypothalamus