Unit 12

Insanity

Those who Plead ___________ argue that they are so Out of Touch With Reality that they could not have Intentionally committed the crime, though this is a Legal concept and not a Psychological one.

Intern(')s Syndrome

The tendency for people to, as they Learn More about physical and psychological disorders, to Diagnose Themselves as having it.

(David) Rosenham

The Anti-Psychiatrist who ran a study where he and Other Psychologists Institutionalized Themselves, then acted normally once they were in. Average stay was Three Weeks, and they, completely Normal People, were labeled as In Remission upon release.

Pseudopatient(s)

People who Act as though they have a Psychological Disorder to Test the abilities of Institutions. Institutions requested these in response to Rosenham's Study to show that they could identify real patients.

Maladaptive

In the acronym MUDDA for Abnormal Behaviors, the M stands for _____________, meaning Harmful to Functioning.

Unjustifiable

In the acronym MUDDA for Abnormal Behaviors, the U stands for _____________, meaning Done Without Reason.

Disturbing

In the acronym MUDDA for Abnormal Behaviors, either of the D's stand for _____________, meaning Causing Discomfort to Self or Others.

Atypical

In the acronym MUDDA for Abnormal Behaviors, the A stands for _____________, meaning Not Normal.

DSM (5)

A Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Disorders used by doctors and psychologists.

Etiology

The study of the Cause of something, or where it came from.

F(alse)

True/False: The DSM-5 contains Etiology on all disorders that it lists.

Depression

A Psychological Disorder marked by 5 or More symptoms such as Depressed Mood, Loss of Interest in Activities, Significant Weight Change, Hyper/Insomnia, etc. persisting for 2 Weeks or more.

Depression

The Biomedical Etiology for ______________ outlines an Imbalance in Serotonin and Norepinephrine, as well as cites certain Hormone Imbalances and Altered Brain Structure.

T(rue)

True/False: A Genetic Predisposition has been demonstrated for Depression.

(Genetic) Predisposition

A Genetic ______________ describes a situation where someone has an Increased Likelihood of inheriting some trait.

Biopsychosocial (Model)

A _________________ Model of Psychology takes into account Biological, Psychological, and Social factors into explaining certain phenomena.

Major (Depression)

A type of Depression marked by depression symptoms that Persist for 2 Weeks (AKA Clinical or Unipolar Depression).

Persistent Depressive (Disorder)

A Psychological Disorder characterized by Depressed Mood that lasts for 2 Years.

Seasonal Affected (Depression)

A type of Depression that is Predicted by the Dawn of Winter, likely linked to sunlight exposure.

Comorbidity

The tendency for Disorders to come Along With Each Other.

F(emales)

____________(Males/Females) are More Likely to be Diagnosed with Depression.

Cortisol

Etiology for Depression can include the Stress Response, where the brain becomes stuck in Perpetual Loop of ___________ Secretion by the Adrenal Gland, which can impair the Hippocampus.

Bipolar (Disorder)

A Psychological Disorder marked by Extreme Swings between Major Depression and Mania. Sometimes called an Energy Disorder.

Mania

A restless state in Bipolar Disorder that can cause High Distractability, Decreased Need for Sleep, and participation in High Risk Activities.

Cyclothymia

A less severe variant of Bipolar Disorder that must be present for at least Two Years.

T(rue)

True/False: There is a Large Genetic Predisposition for Bipolar Disorder.

Schizophrenia

A Psychological Disorder with symptoms such as Extreme Paranoia, Hallucinations, and a Loss of Touch with Reality, Two or More of which must persist for at least One Month.

F(alse)

True/False: Schizophrenia has Little to No Genetic Predisposition.

Young (Adulthood)

The Onset of Schizophrenia Typically happens during ______________ (Childhood, Young Adulthood, Later Adulthood).

T(rue)

True/False: Schizophrenia has an Equal likelihood of appearing in Males and Females.

Spectrum (Disorder)

A Disorder which has a Range of Severity can be described as a ____________ Disorder.

T(rue)

True/False: Schizophrenia is a Spectrum Disorder.

Hallucination(s)

A Positive Symptom of Schizophrenia marked by Sensing things that Don't Exist.

Auditory

In Schizophrenia, _____________(Auditory/Visual) Hallucinations are more common.

Delusion(s)

A Positive Symptom of Schizophrenia marked by False Beliefs and Significant Paranoia (people are out to get them).

Grandiose (Delusion)

A Schizophrenic Delusion marked by the belief that the sufferer is some Significant Prophet, Politician, Actor, etc.

Word Salad

A term to describe the Positive Symptom of Schizophrenia that encompasses Disorganized Speech and Thinking, following multiple topics at once.

Catatonic Excitement

A type of Abnormal Motor Behavior with Schizophrenia that includes Indefinite and Unjustified Fidgeting.

Catatonic Stuper

A type of Abnormal Motor Behavior with Schizophrenia that includes Indefinite and Motionless Sitting or Posing.

Flat Affect

A Negative Symptom of Schizophrenia marked by a Total Loss of Emotion.

Avolition

A Negative Symptom of Schizophrenia marked by the sufferer No Longer Initiating Tasks (Including caring for themselves).

Social Withdrawal

A Negative Symptom of Schizophrenia marked by No Longer Interacting with Other People.

Dopamine

Schizophrenia is thought to be caused by an Excess of _____________.

Excess

Schizophrenia is thought to be caused by a(n) ______________(Excess/Shortage) of Dopamine.

Reactive (Schizophrenia)

Schizophrenia where the Onset of the disorder develops Suddenly in Response to Environmental Stressors.

Process (Schizophrenia)

Schizophrenia where the disorder develops Gradually, tends to be Chronic and have more Negative Symptoms, and has a Lower Chance for Recovery.

Ventricle(s)

Schizophrenia may be caused by Enlarged _____________(Brain Structure) which causes a Loss of Tissue in the Frontal (high level thinking) and Temporal (language) Lobes.

Diathesis (-) Stress Model

A Etiological Model for Schizophrenia that states that those with a Genetic Predisposition towards Schiz. are more Vulnerable to Stressful Environment Triggers in the development of Schiz.

Diathesis

Another term for a Genetic Predisposition.

Biopsychosocial

The Diathesis - Stress Model would most align with the _________________ Perspective.

Medical (Model)

A Model to explain Psychological Disorders devoted to the study of such disorders as Illnesses which can be Understood and Treated.

Neurodevelopmental (Disorders)

A group of Disorders that are First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence.

Autism (Spectrum Disorder)

A Neurodevelopmental Disorder marked by Deficits in Social Communication/Interaction, the presence of Repetitive Patterns of Behaviors/Interests, and Intellectual/Linguistic Impairment.

M(ales)

Autism Spectrum Disorder is More Common in __________(Males/Females).

Attention Deficit (/) Hyperactivity Disorder

A Neurodevelopmental Disorder marked by Impulsivity, Sustained Inattention, and Inability to Focus (AKA ADHD).

M(ales)

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder is More Common in __________(Males/Females).

Tourette(')s Disorder

A Neurodevelopmental Disorder marked by Tics which may be related to OCD in some way.

Tic(s)

Sudden, Rapid, Recurrent, Non-Rhythmic, Stereotyped Motor Movements or Vocalizations that are a hallmark of Tourette's Disorder.

Autism (Spectrum Disorder)

Theories of the Etiology of _____________ include that children fail to develop Theory of Mind, they have Problems in Cerebellum Functioning, and that they have Non-Functional Mirror Neurons (lack of empathy).

Generalized Anxiety (Disorder)

An Anxiety Disorder marked by Chronic, High Levels of Anxiety with ongoing Tension, Apprehension, and Nervousness that do not seem linked to any specific trigger.

Panic (Disorder)

An Anxiety Disorder marked by Recurrent, Unexpected Panic Attacks, Intense Fear, and significant Sympathetic Nervous System activation. They can arise out of a General Fear, or a Fear Of a Panic Attack Itself.

Phobia

An Anxiety Disorder marked by a Deep Seated, Irrational Fear when no real danger is present.

Specific (Phobia)

A type of Phobia triggered by a Certain Stimulus.

Social (Phobia)

A type of Phobia marked by Extreme Shyness and a fear of being Scrutinized and Criticized by others.

Agoraphobia

A fear of Public Settings or Situations from which there is No Easy Escape in case of Panic Attack.

Biological Preparedness

Phobias could be a case of _____________ ______________, which is to fear things that Threatened Us In the Past.

T(rue)

True/False: There is evidence that Panic Disorders and Phobias have some Genetic Predisposition with them.

GABA

Insufficient ____________(Neurotransmitter) may be a cause for certain Anxiety Disorders.

Obsessive Compulsive (Disorder)

A Maladaptive Disorder marked by Obsessive, Persistent, and Undesired thoughts and Actions one feels Driven to carry out.

Hoarding

A Disorder marked by a perceived need to Save and Collect items with Extreme Anxiety about Parting with Possessions. This disorder can be hazardous to the sufferer or their family.

Body Dismorphic (Disorder)

A Disorder marked by Intense Anxiety about one or more perceived Physical Deformities of Defects.

Serotonin

OCD may be caused by Malfunctions in the ____________ System, particularly a Lack of Activity with it.

Post Traumatic Stress (Disorder)

A Trauma and Stressor Disorder marked by Restlessness, Irritability, Sleep Impairment, Loss of Concentration, Nightmares, and Flashbacks after deeply Troubling Events.

Amygdala

A Disfunction in the ____________(Brain Structure), responsible for Fear and Aggression responses, may play a role in PTSD.

Serotonin

Variations on the TPH-1 and TPH-2 Genes can result in Lowered __________ Production, which may Predispose PTSD.

Dissociative Identity (Disorder)

The existence of Two or More Separate Personalities in one body which may have differences in Language, Handwriting, Hand Dominance, Emotions, etc. and are often Unaware of Each Other (Prev. Multiple Personality Disorder).

Dissociative Amnesia

A Loss of Memory for Important Events and One's Own Identity which is Not the result of Neurological Condition or Injury.

Dissociative Fugue

Significant Amnesia and Physical Relocation which eventually fades, but then the forgetting itself is forgotten.

Psychoanalyst(s)

_______________ may argue that Amnesia and Fugue are just Extreme Defense Mechanisms such as Repression.

T(rue)

True/False: Dissociative Disorders are Highly Correlated with Severe Abuse in Early Childhood.

Conversion (Disorder)

A Somatic Symptom Disorder where the sufferer converts Psychological Stress into Physical Symptoms.

Somatic Symptom (Disorder)

When a Bodily Symptom results in Significant Anxiety and Disruption of Everyday Life. The sufferer may experience Worry Disproportionate to the symptoms they experience.

Illness Anxiety (Disorder)

A Disorder marked by a Preoccupation with the Fear that one has an Illness even in the face of Contrary Medical Evidence. Minor bodily symptoms are interpreted as Major Illnesses (Prev. Hypochondriac).

Factitious (Disorder) Imposed on Self

A Disorder where the sufferer Deliberately Exaggerates or Creates Disease Symptoms for Themselves to receive Medical Attention.

Factitious (Disorder) Imposed on Another

A Disorder where the sufferer Lies About or Induces Illness in Another Person under their care.

Anorexia Nervosa

An Eating Disorder marked by an Intense Fear of Gaining Weight or Being Fat, which leads to Below Normal Weight.

Bulimia Nervosa

An Eating Disorder marked by a pattern of Binging and Purging that is More Difficult to Diagnose since weight changes typically are Not Extreme.

Binge (Eating Disorder)

An Eating Disorder marked by Frequent (> once a week for three months) Episodes where an individual eats Significantly More than the typical person and has Out-Of-Control Feelings and feelings of Guilt, Disgust and Shame.

Conduct (Disorder)

A Childhood Disorder marked by Frequent Lying, Stealing, Manipulation, and Cruelty with a relative Lack of Remorse for such actions or Empathy for those hurt by them (AKA Childhood ASPD).

Conduct (Disorder)

____________ Disorder may be caused by Lower Than Normal levels of Psychological Arousal.

Personality (Disorders)

A Group of Disorders which cause Extreme Personality Traits that Inhibit Social and Emotional Living. The sufferer may Not see them as Maladaptive, so they can be Difficult to Treat.

Antisocial (Personality Disorder)

A Personality Disorder marked by a Deceit, Manipulation, and Consistently Violating Rules and Others' Rights with No apparent sense of Remorse or Empathy for those they may hurt.

Narcissistic (Personality Disorder)

A Personality Disorder marked by Dramatically Exaggerated Sense of one's own Value and Importance.

Histrionic (Personality Disorder)

A Personality Disorder marked by an Insatiable Need and search for Attention and a tendency towards Highly Emotional and Dramatic Behavior.

Borderline (Personality Disorder)

A Personality Disorder marked by Sudden and Intense Rages, Impulsive and potentially Dangerous Behaviors, Deep Insecurity, a Fear of Abandonment, and a General Instability in Relationships and Emotional Interactions.

Paranoid (Personality Disorder)

A Personality Disorder marked by Suspiciousness and a Chronic Sense of being Observed or Persecuted.

Dependent (Personality Disorder)

A Personality Disorder marked by an Over-Reliance on Others, a pronounced Fear of Separation from loved ones, and an Inability to Initiate Activities on one's own.

Antisocial Personality (Disorder)

This Disorder is thought to be caused by Lower Autonomic Nervous System Arousal and significantly Less Activity in the Frontal Lobes.

M(ales)

Antisocial Personality Disorder is More Likely to be diagnosed in _______(Males/Females).

M(ales)

Narcissistic Personality Disorder is More Likely to be diagnosed in _______(Males/Females).