Renaissance and Age of Exploration

What does renaissance refer to

It was an age of recovery from the 14th century plague, political instability, and decline of church power, It was a “rebirth” of the european culture

what time frame is the Renaissance

1350-1500

Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy (3 reasons):

• The rise of urban centers (City states): Genoa, Venice, and Florence

• Development of a merchant class

• Visual remains of Roman empire

Describe the features of the High Renaissance Art:

• 1490-1520

• Three artistic giants

  • Leonardo da Vinci

  • Raphael

  • Michelangelo

• Known for frescos

• Realistic work

Describe the features of the Northern Renaissance Art:

• Realistic work

• Dark oil paints

• Painted pieces of altars in cathedrals

Explain the Renaissance’s new view on humans:

• They emphasized humanism and individualism

What were Machiavelli’s ideas:

• How to acquire and maintain power

• Rejected idea that a price must be ethical

• A prince must do what is best for his entire kingdom

• A good prince must be feared by his people and employ acts of cruelty to maintain control

• Mankind is selfish and a leader must act on behalf of the state

Describe the motivating factors for the Age of Exploration:

gold glory and god

What technologies allowed the Age of Exploration to take 

• More accurate maps

• Magnetic compass

• Lanteen sails

• Astrolabe

• movable rudder

What were the positive and negative effects of the columbian exchange?

• Positive

  • New food&crops

  • New animals

• Negative

  • disease

Describe the 3 parts of triangle trade.

• Step 1

  • Manufactured goods (guns&rum) from Europe to Africa

• Step 2

  • Middle passage

    • Slaves taken from Africa to work on plantations in America

• Step 3

  • Raw materials from plantations sent to Europe to be sold

Renaissance:

rebirth

Petrarch

• Called father of Italian Renaissance Humanism 

City State:

• A city that has political and economic control over the surrounding countryside

Humanism:

• Love of classical learning 

Individualism:

• Celebration of the individual

Urban Society:

• A system which cities are the center of political, economic, and social life

Secular:

• Separation of church and state

Fresco:

• A painting done on fresh, wet plaster with water based paint

Da Vinci:

• Realistic painter, one of the 3 artistic giants

Michelangelo:

• Accomplished painter, sculptor, architect, made sistine chapel, realistic painter, one of the 3 artistic giants 

Classicalism:

• An intellectual movement that revived the art, literature, and philosophy of ancient Greece and Rome

Medici Family:

• A powerful Italian banking and political dynasty who ruled Florence and Tuscany

Machiavelli:

• Florentine states man who authored the prince, and provided new view on political power

Vernacular:

• The everyday spoken language of a region

Magnetic Compass:

• Made sailing accurate

Astrolabe

• Used stars to show direction

Features of the Caraval Ships:

• Triangle lanteen

  • To sail against wind

• moveable rudder

  • To make ship maneuverable

Old world:

• Europe 

• Asia

• Africa

New World:

• North&South America

2 Old World foods

• Wheat

• Rice

2 new world foods

•  Corn 

• Potatoes

2 old world animals

• Horse

• Pig 

2 new world animals

llama

turkey

2 old world diseases

• Influenza

• Chicken Pox

2 new world diseases

hepatitis

polio

Encomienda System:

• Spanish use of Native Americans as slave labor

Mercantilism:

• Economic policy that stresses having a surplus of gold and silver

Balance of trade

• Exporting more than a nation imports, goal of mercantilism

creoles

• People of European or African descent born in the Americas

mestizo

• A person of mixed European and indigenous American ancestry 

Peninsulares:

• People of spanish or portuguese descent who were born in Europe but lived in the Americas during the colonial era