Pelvis/Thigh + Leg/Foot - Origins, Insertions, Actions, and Innervations

Pelvis/Thigh and Leg/Foot

Quadriceps Femoris

rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius

rectus femoris origin

AIIS

vastus medialis origin

medial lip of linea aspera

vastus lateralis origin

lateral lip of linea aspera, gluteal tuberosity, greater trochanter

vastus intermedius origin

anterior and lateral shaft of femur

quadriceps femoris insertion

Tibial tuberosity (via the patella and patellar ligament)

quadriceps femoris innervation

femoral L2, 3, 4

Hamstrings

biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

Biceps Femoris origin

long head: ischial tuberosity; short head: lateral lip of linea aspera

Semitendinosus/Semimembranosus Origin

Ischial Tuberosity

Biceps Femoris insertion

head of fibula

Semitendinosus insertion

proximal, medial shaft of the tibia at pes anserinus tendon

semimembranosus insertion

posterior aspect of medial condyle of tibia; medial condyle of tibia

biceps femoris action

laterally rotate flexed knee, assist in hip lateral rotation

semimembranosus/semitendinosus action

medially rotate flexed knee, assist in hip medial rotation

Hamstrings Action

flex knee, extend hip, tilt pelvis posteriorly

gluteus maximus origin

coccyx, edge of sacrum, posterior iliac crest, sacrotuberous, sacroiliac ligaments

gluteus maximus insertion

gluteal tuberosity and iliotibial tract

gluteus maximus action

extend hip, laterally rotate hip, abduct hip

gluteus maximus innervation

inferior gluteal L5, S1, 2

gluteus medius origin

gluteal surface of ilium, between posterior and gluteal lines, just below iliac crest

gluteus medius insertion

lateral aspect of greater trochanter

gluteus medius action

abduct hip, flex hip, medially rotate hip (anterior), extend hip, laterally rotate hip (posterior)

gluteus medius innervation

superior gluteal L4, 5, S1

gluteus minimus origin

gluteal surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines

gluteus minimus insertion

anterior aspect of greater trochanter

gluteus minimus action

abduct hip, medially rotate hip, flex hip

adductor group

adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, pectineus, gracilis

adductor group action

adduct hip, medially rotate hip

adductor magnus origin

inferior ramus of pubis; ramus of ischium, ischial tuberosity

adductor magnus insertion

medial lip of linea aspera, adductor tubercle

adductor magnus innervation

obutrator L2, 3, 4; sciatic L4, 5, s1

adductor longus origin

pubic tubercle

adductor longus insertion

medial lip of linea aspera, pectineal line

adductor longus innervation

obturator L2, 3, 4

adductor brevis origin

inferior ramus of pubis

adductor brevis insertion

medial lip of linea aspera; pectineal line

adductor brevis innervation

obturator L2, 3, 4

pectineus origin

superior ramus of pubis

pectineus insertion

pectineal line of femur

pectineus innervation

obturator L2, 3, 4; femoral

gracilis origin

inferior ramus of pubis

gracilis insertion

proximal, medial shaft of tibia at pes anserinus tendon

gracilis innervation

obturator L2, 3, 4

TFL and Iliotibial Tract origin

iliac crest, posterior to ASIS

TFL and iliotibial tract insertion

iliotibial tract

TFL action

flex, medially rotate, abduct hip

TFL and Iliotibial tract Innervation

Superior Gluteal L4, 5, S1

sartorius origin

ASIS

sartorius insertion

proximal medial shaft of tibia at pes anserinus tendon

sartorius action

flex, laterally rotate, abduct hip; flex, medially rotate kee

sartorius innervation

femoral l2, 3, (4)

lateral rotators of hip

piriformis, quadratus femoris, obturator internus/externus, gemellus superior/inferior

piriformis origin

anterior surface of sacrum

piriformis insertion

superior aspect of greater trochanter; greater trochanter

piriformis action

Laterally rotate the hip; abduct the hip when flexed

piriformis innervation

sacral plexus L5, S1, 2

quadratus femoris origin

lateral border of ischial tuberosity

quadratus femoris insertion

intertrochanteric crest

quadratus femoris action

laterally rotate hip

quadratus femoris innervation

sacral plexus L4, 5, s1, 2

obturator internus origin

obturator membrane and inferior surface of obturator foramen

obturator internus insertion

medial surface of greater trochanter

obturator internus action

laterally rotate hip

obturator internus innervation

sacral plexus L5, s1, 2

obturator externus origin

obturator membrane, rami of pubis, and ischium

obturator externus insertion

trochanteric fossa of femur

obturator externus action

laterally rotate hip

obturator externus innervation

obturator L3, 4

gemellus superior origin

ischial spine

gemellus superior insertion

medial surface of greater trochanter

gemellus superior action

laterally rotate hip

gemellus superior innervation

sacral plexus L5, s1, 2

gemellus inferior origin

ischial tuberosity

gemellus inferior insertion

medial surface of greater trochanter

gemellus inferior action

laterally rotate hip

gemellus inferior innervation

sacral plexus L4, 5, s1, (2)

ilipsoas

psoas major and iliacus

psoas major origin

bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae

psoas major insertion

lesser trochanter of femur

psoas major action

flex hip; laterally rotate hip, flex trunk towards thigh; tilt pelvis anteriorly

psoas major innervation

lumbar plexus l1, 2, 3, 4

iliacus origin

iliac fossa

iliacus insertion

lesser trochanter of femur

iliacus action

flex hip; laterally rotate hip, flex trunk toward thigh; tilt pelvis anteriorly

iliacus innervation

femoral l1, 2, 3, 4

gastrocnemius origin

condyles of femur

gastrocnemius insertion

calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

gastrocnemius action

flex knee; plantarflex ankle

gastrocnemius innervation

tibial s1, 2

soleus origin

soleal line; proximal, posterior surface of tibia and posterior aspect of head of fibula

soleus insertion

calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

soleus action

plantarflexion

soleus innervation

tibial l5, s1, 2

plantaris origin

lateral supracondylar line of femur

plantaris insertion

calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

plantaris action

weak plantarflexion/knee flexion

plantaris innervation

tibial l4, 5, s1, (2)

popliteus origin

lateral condyle of femur

popliteus insertion

proximal, posterior aspect of tibia