GOVT Exam 3

Individuals' preferences about politics and public policy are usually most rooted in

What appears to be behind differences in the way women and men vote in the United States?

As recently as the nineteenth century, a liberal was thought of as a person favoring

The term for the sum of many citizens' views and interests is

In some states, judges have cited ____________, a value shared by most Americans, in arguing against funding disparities between school districts created by a reliance upon property taxes in education

Hispanic or Latinos' political opinions and attitudes tend to be distinctive from those of non-Hispanic Whites, with most Hispanic and Latino Americans being notably opposed to

More than any other news source, American get their news from

Public assessments of elected officials, attitudes toward political organizations and social groups, and preferences about whether and how government ought to address important problems can all be classified under the heading of

An all-encompassing means of understanding the world or society, one through which an individual can filter all new political information and situations, is best described as

Americans who do not take the time to learn about government, or about policy issues, in any depth are more likely to lean on ______________ than anything else to help them make political decisions.

The process through which underlying beliefs and values are formed is collectively called political

Which of the following identities is most associated with residents who strongly identify with the South

A persons distinctive characteristics or group associations, such as race or gender, that reflect their social connections with others or common values and interest, are called

In American politics, persons who seek to expand liberty above all other principles, as well as to minimize government intervention in the economy and society, are called

The distinctive voting behavior reflecting the differences in views between men and women

The contemporary political ideology that is generally supportive of maintaining social and cultural traditions, limiting the role of government in economic life, and ensuring a strong military defense is most accurately classified as

people who live in segregated neighborhoods may vote differently when racial matters are at issue because they

which landmark 1965 law led to a change in the racial and ethnic composition of Congress over time, increasing descriptive representation

the contemporary political ideology that is generally supportive of political and social reform, extensive government intervention in the economy, expansion of federal social services, more vigorous efforts on behalf of the poor and the disadvantaged, and greater concern for consumers and the environment is most accurately characterized as

according to several political scientist, lower-class citizens who favor tax cuts for the rich do so because of

In response to Americans' heavy and increasing use of the Internet, traditional media such as newspapers, television, and radio have

In the 2016 presidential election and again in the 2018 midterm congressional races, hispanic voting populations leaned towards

The black lives matter protest of the police killings of young black men, as well as feminist efforts to bring attention to sexual misconduct in the workplace, are often, at least in the popular media, described as examples of identity politics at work. The term, however, as used by political scientist more broadly refers to

During the same turn-of-the-century years in which many states began requiring voter registration, what did many states use to keep immigrants and Black people from voting?

The single strongest predictor of how a person will vote is that individual's

At the beginning of the Republic, most states restricted voting rights to

In presidential elections, states are allocated Electoral College votes that equal their number of

When California voters placed a measure on the ballot in 2003 to remove their unpopular governor, Gray Davis, from office, they made use of the state's ________ election process.

Though there are some exceptions, individuals who are ________ have the right to vote in American federal elections.

What demographic characteristics do social scientist see as the strongest predictors of who votes and who does not vote in most American elections

Partisan manipulation of congressional and state legislative redistricting has become much easier in recent years due to

Which election reform, adopted in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, was aimed at preventing vote buying and voter intimidation?

An issue voter is most concerned with

A type of electoral process in which a candidate must receive more that 50% of all votes cast in a jurisdiction to win a seat in a legislative body is

Turnout in congressional midterm elections has, in recent times, tended to be ________ the turnout for presidential elections.

In 1993, Congress passed and President Clinton signed into law the National Voter Registration Act, popularly known as the "motor voter" law, which allowed

The turnout rate

The Electoral College system creates a population inequity in presidential elections because

Voting in the United States is a right, but not

Large majorities of African American and Hispanic voters have tended to back ________ candidates.

A super PAC, the popular name given to independent expenditure-only committees established in the wake of the Supreme Courts Citizens United ruling, may raise __________ and spend the monies on candidate or issue advocacy

In the 1960s, the US Supreme Court let stand unequal district populations on the Senate, but required reform of districts for the House of representative. Which of the following is the best explanation of the Courts decision

When the framers of the Constitution established the Electoral College, they required each states legislature to choose its electors. Since the 1860s, however, all states have chosen electors by

In 2010, a federal district court struck down California's proposition 8, a ballot initiative approved by a majority of voters that banned same sex marriage withing the state. In declaring the law unconstitutional, the courts showed that

The electoral college leads to

The process that allows citizens to vote directly on proposed laws or other government actions is called

After the 1965 Voting Rights Act that made certain voter suppression policies illegal, Mississippi prevented the election of Black candidates to Congress through ________, a strategy commonly used by states to dilute the voting strength of groups.

Campaigns in the United States, particularly those for president and congressional seats, are known for being unusually long due mainly to

Members of congress and many state officials, such as state representatives, are elected in

Although presidents cannot introduce legislation, they can usually rely on ________ in Congress to introduce legislation that they favor and help shepherd the legislation through.

The failure of Republicans to even repeal, much less repeal and replace, the Affordable Care Act (popularly known as "Obamacare") in 2017, despite full control of congress, provided a clear demonstration of which fact about political parties in the United States

The Federalist party weakened and finally disappeared after some federalist leaders were accused of treason for

A loose ideological association is a part of brand associations with American political parties, with ___________ seen as liberal, and ___________ seen as conservative

In Congress, each of the two major parties is assigned a quota of member for each standing committee, with the final number varying according to

A primary election is described as ___________ if it is only open to voter who have registered their affiliation with a party by a certain # of says before the vote

While presidential nominations used to take up most of the time of state delegates at national conventions, today the most important party business carried out at those conventions includes

When recruiting candidates, parties consider that, at the very least, a serious candidate for a US Senate seat must be able to raise

Third parties rarely win elective office in the United States because

In recent years, ideological polarization has undermined the ability of American political parties to bridge elections and governance, because

______________ primaries are ones in which any voter can choose to participate, regardless of any party affiliation or lack thereof

In modern American politics, most party nominees for elected public officials are chosen through:

As part of its brand name, the national leadership of the Republican Party supports

the whig party first developed from groups that opposed

Historically, the party that controls the White House has usually lost seats in congressional midterm elections when the president is not on the ballot. Why is this the case?

The majority of young voters in the US today describe themselves as

In several states, notably among them Iowa and Nevada, the presidential nominating process begins with party caucuses, which are

Since the mid 1960s, black voters have overwhelmingly supported candidates

The fact that the Speaker of the House is selected by the majority party is most significant because

A political party is an organized group seeking to

Presidential and vice-presidential candidates are formally nominated by state party delegates

Party leaders usually will not provide financial backing to candidates who cannot

Upper-income Americans tend to affiliate with the Republican Party because

Political party organizations differ from interest groups, in that their members seek or attempt to maintain their hold on ______________, as opposed to benefits

The party that holds the majority of seats in a legislative chamber, such as the US House or Senate, is called the

How do interest groups differ from political action committees (PACs)

Outsider strategies for interest groups looking to increase their political influence or meet their policy goals could include which of the following?

In todays Washington DC, lobbyist are most likely to win influence or find success in Congress for groups they work for or represent by

Despite working in different sectors of the economy, interest groups including the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO), as well as the American Federation of State, Country,and Municipal Employees, have in common the fact that they are

Groups such as the American Bar Association (ABA), with a membership of lawyers and law students, and the American Medical Association (AMA), an association of physicians, are known as

Interest group politics in the United States has a pronounced upper-class bias because

Interest groups tend to primarily concern themselves with

The oldest form of going public, which can be effectively used by interest groups who lack money, contacts, and expertise, is

After the president signs a piece of legislation into law, why do interest groups not stop working with the executive branch

An interest group is defined as an organized group of individuals or organizations that

An example of an outsider strategy that an environmental interest--such as the Sierra Club-- would use as a means of furthering its policy goals would be

The seemingly eternal problem of "revolving-door politics," which refers to the frequent rotation of elected officials and agency administrators and staff into lobbying jobs, is driven by

In many American states, the ballot initiative process allows issues to be placed directly before voters after enough valid signatures are gathered in petition drives. This type of direct democracy measure was first promoted by late 19th century populists as a way of counteracting interest-group influence. Today, however, most initiative drives

Social media has proven to be a boon to small and specialized public interest groups, given that it allows them to

Concerns that lobbyists have too much influence have, over time, led to

One clear indicator of the proliferation of interest group activity in modern America is the enormous number of _______________, which are legal entities through which interest groups spend money to influence elections.

Mobilizing ordinary citizens to write to their representatives in support of a group's position is a specific example of

Thousands of American interest groups vie for attention as best they can, often competing against one another, with the idea being that this will help produce the best policies through balance and compromise. The idea behind this concept is called

Which term describes the strategy of obtaining political influence by gaining access to key decision makers in government, or using the courts to exercise influence

Organized protests as a strategy for winning support for a group's policy positions

Rather than seeing Americans as polarized of mostly liberal or mostly conservative camps, some prominent political scientist have suggested Americans are

Women tend to identify and vote more with ________ than men do.

Since at least the Civil War, the United States has had ____________ major parties; including ______________.

The assignment of individual members to congressional committees is made by

How did President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal, a series of programs he developed to help the country recover from the Great Depression, also benefit his Democratic Party

self interest, including but not limited to economic self interest