Endocrine System

Which of the following substances acts as an electrolyte?

Sodium

Which hormone is responsible for lowering blood glucose?

Insulin

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the adrenal medulla during a crisis situation?

Epinephrine

Which hormone initiates labor during childbirth?

Oxytocin

The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is also called the:

adenohypophysis

The "master gland" that regulates other glands is called the:

pituitary

Which of the following glands regulates metabolism?

Thyroid

Insulin is produced by the:

pancreas

Which of the following substances is an electrolyte?

Potassium

A state of equilibrium in the internal environment of the body is called:

homeostasis

The four parathyroid glands are:

located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland.

The primary source of energy for living organisms is:

glucose

The pituitary hormone that promotes lactation following childbirth is called:

prolactin

Cells that respond to the effects of a hormone are called:

target cells

The combining form (CF) adren/o means:

adrenal glands

The CF calc/o means:

calcium

The CF crin/o means:

secrete

The CF glyc/o means:

sugar, sweetness

The CF home/o means:

same, alike

The CF kal/i means:

potassium (an electrolyte)

The CF pancreat/o means:

pancreas

The CF thyr/o means:

thyroid gland

The CF toxic/o means:

posion

The suffix -gen means:

forming, producing, origin

The suffix -emia means:

blood condition

The prefix exo- means:

outside, outward

The prefix micro- means:

small

The prefix eu- means:

good, normal

The prefix poly- means:

many, much

Hypersecretion of cortisol by adrenal cortex causes:

Cushing syndrome

Exophthalmos is a disorder caused by hypersecretion of T3 and T4 from the:

thyroid gland

Which of the following disorders is caused by hypersecretion of thyroxine?

Graves disease

What term describes an excessive growth of body hair, especially in women?

Hirsutism

Hypersecretion of urine is called:

diuresis

In adults, hypersecretion by the thyroid gland causes:

Graves disease

Which type of diabetes is usually diagnosed in children and young adults?

Type 1 diabetes

Gigantism and dwarfism result from improper growth hormone function in the:

pituitary gland

An abnormal condition of low sodium in the blood is called:

hyponatremia

Diabetes mellitus is a disorder of the:

pancreas

A characteristic of tetany is:

muscle spasms

Which of the following diseases is treated by an endocrinologist?

Diabetes

Acromegaly is caused by hypersecretion of:

growth hormone

Excessive development of mammary tissue in males is called:

gynecomastia

Onset of diabetes that occurs later in life is called:

type 2

A disorder caused by hyperthyroidism is:

goiter

A clinical manifestation of Addison disease is:

muscle weakness

Which disorder is an abnormal condition of pancreatic stones?

Pancreatolithiasis

Which disease is characterized by polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia?

Diabetes mellitus

Hypersecretion of adrenal estrogen and progestin in males leads to:

feminization

Which term means enlargement of the thyroid gland?

Thyromegaly

Which term refers to excessive glucose in the blood?

Hyperglycemia

Which disorder is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by enlargement of the facial and jaw bones?

Acromegaly

In which condition are potassium blood levels higher than normal?

Hyperkalemia

In which condition are sodium blood levels lower than normal?

Hyponatremia

Which disorder is an autoimmune disorder associated with exophthalmos that is characterized by pronounced hyperthyroidism?

Graves disease

Which procedure involves partial or complete excision of the pituitary gland?

Hypophysectomy

Which surgical procedure involves incision of the thyroid gland?

Thyrotomy

The procedure to incise and remove a pancreatic stone is called:

pancreatolithotomy

Which laboratory test measures blood glucose levels in a blood sample after the patient refrains from eating food for at least 8 hours?

Fasting blood glucose

Which procedure involves the excision of one or more parathyroid glands?

Parathyroidectomy

Which screening test determines how quickly glucose is cleared from the blood at regular intervals after a fast of at least 8 hours?

Glucose tolerance test

Which imaging procedure obtains images of the thyroid gland after oral or intravenous administration of radioactive iodine to identify thyroid pathologies such as tumors?

Thyroid scan

Which procedure involves excision of the pituitary gland through the sphenoid sinus without disturbing brain tissue?

Transsphenoidal hypophysectomy

Which imaging technique uses radio waves to diagnose abnormalities of the pituitary, pancreatic, adrenal, and thyroid glands?

Magnetic resonance imaging

Which imaging technique rotates an x-ray emitter around an area to be scanned to detect diseases of the endocrine glands?

Computed tomography

What classification of drugs increases skeletal growth in children?

Growth hormone replacements

Which laboratory test measures the amount of blood glucose levels after the administration of glucose?

GTT

Which classification of drugs suppresses inflammation and controls allergic reactions?

Corticosteroids

Which classification of drugs is used to treat type 2 diabetes?

Oral hypoglycemics

Which abbreviation refers to parathormone?

PTH

Which abbreviation is associated with administration of iodine?

RAI

Which classification of drugs is used in preparation for thyroidectomy or in the treatment of thyrotoxic crisis?

Antithyroids

Which classification of drugs is used to treat Addison disease?

Corticosteroids

Which abbreviation is associated with an electrolyte?

K

Which abbreviation denotes diabetic complications that occur when the body produces high levels of blood acids called ketones?

DKA

Decreased calcium and phosphorus in the blood may cause tetany.

True

The adrenal cortex is associated with osteoporosis.

False

Hypothyroidism that develops during adulthood is known as cretinism.

False

Hypersecretion of thyroxine causes Graves disease.

True

Hyposecretion of prolactin in nursing mothers causes galactorrhea.

False

Hyposecretion of growth hormone in infants causes gigantism.

False

Hyposecretion of growth hormone in children causes dwarfism.

True

Oxytocin decreases milk secretion from the mammary glands.

False

Hyposecretion of insulin causes diabetes mellitus.

True

Hyperthyroidism is treated by administering radioactive iodine to destroy thyroid secretory cells.

True

Exophthalmometry is a test that measures pancreatic function.

False

A fasting blood glucose test measures glucose levels in the blood after a 12-hour fast.

True

The glucose tolerance test measures the body's ability to metabolize carbohydrates.

True

The thyroid function test detects tumors in the thyroid gland.

False

The total calcium test is used to diagnose osteoporosis.

False

Antidiuretics reduce or control excretion of urine.

True

Antithyroids are used to treat cancers of the thyroid gland.

False

Corticosteroids are used to suppress inflammation.

True

RAIU is a test in which radioactive iodine is administered orally and functions as a tracer to provide images of the thyroid gland.

True

Growth hormone replacements are a classification of drugs that increase skeletal growth in children

True

adren/o

adrenal glands

gluc/o

sugar, sweetness

home/o

same, alike

kal/i

potassium (an electrolyte)

pancreat/o

pancreas