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What are the types of drugs?
-prescription drugs
-over-the-counter drugs
-recreational drugs
-herbal preparations
-illicit drugs
-commercial drugs
What is the medicine used for overdose?
Methadone (narcan)
What two things lead to a greater overdose?
alcohol and drugs
What are the two characteristics of drug dependence?
-withdraw
-tolerance
What is marijuana classified as?
cannibus
Define psychoactive drug
can alter mood or behavior by acting on neurotransmitters in the brain
What does cocaine do to the brain?
causes an excess of dopamine
What are the three categories of drugs?
-natural
-synthetic
-semi-synthetic
What is a natural drug?
opium
What is a semi-synthetic drug?
heroin
What are types of synthetic drugs?
-fentinal
-morphine
-oxycotin
-oxycodon
-percidane
-vicidan
What are the routes of drug administration?
-oral ingestion
-inhalation
-injection
-transdermal
Define oral ingestion
taken by mouth
Define inhalation
sniffed, smokes, or inhaled
Define injection
administered either intravenously, intramuscularly, or subcutaneously
Define transdermal
absorbed through the skin, vagina, or anus
Transdermal is also known as what?
inunction
How are must vaccinations give?
intramuscular
What delivers the drug fasted to the brain?
inhalation
Define polydrug
several substances are taken simultaneously
Define synergism
where the effects of two or more drugs are multiplied beyond what is expected if each were taken alone
Define inhinition
where the effects of one drug are eliminated or reduced by the presence of another drug
Define cross-tolerance
where tolerance to one drug transfers to a second drug
Define drug misuse
involves using a drug for a propose other than that for which it was intended
Define drug abuse
the excessive use of any drug, may cause serious harm
How is most likely to abuse over-the-counter medication?
-teens
-young adults
-over 65
Define schedule 1 drugs
drugs with no current accepted medical use and high potential for abuse
What are examples of schedule 1 drugs?
-heroin
-LSD
-Ecstasy
What are schedule two drugs?
drugs with high potential for abuse, with use leading to severe psychological or physical dependence
What are some examples of schedule two drugs?
-vicodin
-cocaine
-meth
-oxycontin
What percent of full-time college students have used any illicit drug in the past 30 days?
38.6
What percent of full-time college students have used marijuana in the past 30 days?
34.4
What percent of full-time college students have used alcohol in the past 30 days?
76.1
What is a Physician Desk Reference (PDR)?
a book that shows side effects of medications
What is a stimulant?
-cocaine
-amphetamines
-methamphetamine
What is a narcotic?
heroine
What is a depressant?
-benzodiazepines
-barbiturates
-opitates
What is the FDA?
Food and Drug Administration
What is the active ingredient in marijuana?
THC
Define freebase
obtained by removing the hydrochloride salt from cocaine powder
What are the results of taking high doses of cocaine?
-increased heart rate
-increases blood pressure
-weight loss
-convulsions
-muscle twitching
What are examples of amphetamines?
meth and adderall
What are effects of methamphetamine?
-small doses increase alertness and decrease appetite
-large doses lead to hallucinations, convulsions, and death
What is the most popular and widely consumed drug?
caffeine
How much time does it take for half the caffeine to be metabolized?
4 to 6 hours
What are the physical effects of Marijuana?
-dilation of blood vessels in the eyes
-dry mouth
-increases appetite
-lowered blood pressure
-mild muscular weakness
-severe anxiety, panic, and paranoia
What can smoking marijuana do to you?
-chronic bronchitis
-suppresses immune system
-emphysema
What is another name for synthetic marijuana?
K2 or Spice
What does K2 do?
mimics marijuana intoxication but last longer and unable to be detected in urine
How is K2 smokes?
joint or hookah
What do depressants do for someone?
-promote mental calmness and reduce anxiety
-promote sleep or drowsiness
What state ranks the highest in drug overdose death?
West Virginia
What are derivatives?
-morphine
-codeine
What are synthetic opitates?
-percodan
-demerol
-dilaudid
Define hallucinogens
group of mind-altering drugs that affect the brain and nervous system and bring about changes in thought, self-awareness, emotion, and sensation
Define synesthesia
occurs when sensory messages are mixed
What are examples of hallucinogens?
-LSD
-Mescaline
-Psilocybin
-Phencyclidine (PCP)
Where does mescaline come from?
cactus
What is psilocybin also known as?
magic mushroom
What are examples of club drugs?
ecstacy
-mescaline
-psilocybin
-PCP
-Ketamine
What are examples of date rape drugs?
-katamine
-Rohypnol
-GHB
Define inhalants
chemeicals that produce vapors capable of causing hallucinations and creating intoxicating and euphoric effects
Examples of inhalants
-rubber cement
-model glue
-paint thinner
-gasoline
Define anabolic steroids
artificial forms of the male hormone testosterone
What are the types of outpatient behavioral therapy?
-residential treatment
-therapeutic communities
What amount of Americans report using tobacco at least once a month?
70 million
In 2014 what percentage of men and women reported smoking?
Men: 18.8%
Women: 14.8%
How does tobacco companies target teens?
-candy
-fruit
-alcohol flavorings
Who has the highest percentage of smokers by race?
American Indian (32%)
Who smokes more, men or women?
men (18.8)
What type of women are more likely to smoke?
less educated
Women are ______ times more likely to die from lung cancer than nonsmoking women.
25 times
What is the average cost of a cigarette pack?
$5.51
What is the annual cost attributed to smoking in the US?
$289 and $333 billion
Why do college students say they smoke?
-relax
-reduce stress
-control weight gain
Define nicotine
the chemical stimulant and highly addictive chemical in tobacco
Define tar
condensed particulate matter from smoke that accumulates in the lungs
Define phenols
chemical irritants in smoke that may combine with other chemicals to contribute to the development of lung cancer
Define carbon monoxide
gas found in cigarettes smoke
Where else can you find carbon monoxide?
car exhaust
Where else can nicotine be found?
insecticide and addictive drugs
How does smoking control weight?
nicotine is an appetite depressant and elevates metabolism
What are types of tobacco products?
-pipes
-hookah
Define bidis
small hand-rolled, flavored cigarettes that produce three times more carbon monoxide and nicotine and have five times more tar then conventional cigarettes
What are examples of health hazards of tobacco products?
-cancer
-cardiovascular disease
-stroke
-respiratory disorders
-sexual dysfunction
-gum disease
Define leukplakia
a condition characterized by white patched inside the mouth due to chewing tobacco
Define chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
inflamed and easily collapsible airways, obstruction to airflow, problems exhaling and frequent medical clinic visits and hospitalizations.
Define chronic bronchitis
inflamed bronchial tubes produce a lot of mucus. This leads to coughing and difficulty breathing.
Define chronic emphysema
inflammation of the tubes that carry air to your lungs (bronchial tubes), which leads to a persistent cough
What percent of all cases of emphysema are related to cigarette smoking?
80%
What is the risk for female smokers and fertility?
-increase risk of infertility
-ectopic pregnancy
-spontaneous abortion
-still birth
What can smoking do to a baby?
-SIDS
-cleft palate
-cleft lip
Define mainstream smoke
smoke that is drawn through tobacco while inhaling
Define secondhand smoke
smoke from the burning end of a cigarette that is inhaled
What is responsible for 3,400 lung cancer deaths, 46,000 coronary and heart deaths, and creates higher risk of SIDS?
Environmental Tobacco Smoke (secondhand)
What as the Master Settlement Aagreement of 1998?
-tobacco industry pays state $206 billion over 25 years
-measure to support antismoking education and advertising
After how many years of quitting does the risk of lung cancer compare to nonsmokers?
10
After how many years of quitting does the risk of heart disease compare to nonsmokers?
15 years
What are nicotine replacement products?
-Bupropion
-Varenicline
-Nicotine Gum
-Nicotine Lozenges
-Nicotine patch
-Nicotine nasal spray
-Nicotine inhaler
The heart is a __________.
Muscle
