newton's laws vocab

newton’s first law

an object in motion will stay in straight line motion until acted upon by a net force; an object at rest will stay at rest until acted upon by a net force

newton’s second law

• acceleration is directly proportional to net force

• acceleration is inversely proportional to mass

newton’s third law

whenever an object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first

*always requires two objects

interia 

a property that resists acceleration or change in motion

mass

how much space an object takes up

weight/ gravitational force

a force of attraction between earth and an object

force

a push or a pull between two objects

net force 

the overall force acting on an object found by adding all the individual forces together

equilibrium

the state of a system where all forces are balanced resulting in no net acceleration

apparent weight

the force an object exerts on its support or the force the support exerts on the object

contact forces

a force that requires two objects to touch each other

• pushing a sled, kicking a ball

noncontact forces 

a force that doesn’t require contact

• gravitational force 

applied force

a force applied by a person or another object

friction force

a force caused by the interaction between objects in contact

normal force

a support force; a reaction force to an object being on another object

gravitational force 

a force caused by the interaction of two masses, pulls objects toward each other

tension force

a force caused by the pull of a rope, string, chain, or cable

friction

the resistance force created by the interaction of two surfaces

• friction is dependent on normal force and the coefficient of friction

static friction 

friction between two objects at rest 

• always greater than kinetic friction

kinetic friction

friction between two objects that are moving