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Functions of art
this answers to the question of what is it for?
Directly Functional Art
It is an art that has practical value.
Plato
The things in the world are only copies of the original that can be found in the World of Forms, which is the Philosophy of?
Aristotle
S/he considers art as an aid to philosophy in revealing the truth.
Leo Tolstoy
S/he believes that art communicates emotion.
Immanuel Kant
S/he believes in Art as Disinterested Judgement.
Expressive art, Art therapy (adult coloring books)
Examples of Personal Function of Art
Architecture, Jewelry-making, Interior design, Furniture design, Utilitarian art, Crafts
Examples of Physical Function of Art
1.) They (Arts and artists) appeal to the emotion rather than to the rational faculty of men.
2.) They (Arts and artists) imitate rather than lead one to reality.
2 Reasons why Plato was suspicious about art
1.) Art allows for the experience of pleasure.
2.) Art has the ability to be instructive and teach its audience things about life; thus, it is still cognitive.
2 purposes of art in the Aristotelian worldview
Personal Function
Identify the function of art in the following statement:
Cherry was so sad, and to cope, she wrote a poem to express her sadness.
Social Function
Identify the function of art in the following statement:
Johnskie is not happy with what is going on in the nation; thus, he created an art piece to show his protest.
Physical function
Identify the function of art (interior design) in the following statement:
Jazz visited Danryll’s house and was delighted to see the house’s beautiful interior design.
Physical function
Identify the function of art in the following statement:
Diana is enjoying her coffee while resting on a lovely rug when, all of a sudden, she wishes her friend was there.
Whose philosophical perspective does the following scenario reflect?:
Fred remained silent during the duration of his examinations in class. His demeanor abruptly changed as he saw the outcome and began singing a sad melody.
Symposium
Plato discussed in the _____________ that beauty, the object of any love, truly progresses.
True
One can never be totally content with what is just before him.
ars
In Latin, it means “skills or craft“; In ancient world, it means using the bare hands to produce something that will be useful to one’s day to day life.
Plato
“Man is his soul and his capacity to think“
Aristotle
“Man’s being social and political is what sets him apart“
Nacional, Metchili Figura
Art appreciation instructor’s full name
Art appreciation course
attempts to develop our ability to appreciate, scrutinize, and appraise works of art.
Humanities
comes from the Latin word Humanus. It is a branch of learning which is concerned with studying human thought, feeling, and relations. it is one of the oldest and most important means of expression developed by man.
Humanus
It means “human, cultured, or refined“
Medieval Latin
This is where ars means any special form of book learning, such as grammar or logic, magic or astrology.
Appreciation
The encounter between the artist and the audience that happen in various sensory experience. It is the act of recognizing or understanding that something is valuable or important.
Art Appreciation
The recognition of good qualities and understanding of art. It is knowing vocabulary, concepts, themes, processes, and materials. In general, it is acquiring knowledge that leads to appreciaton.
Art is universal; Art is not nature; Art involves experience
Assumptions of Art
Art is universal
Timeless, spanning generations and continents through and through.
Art is not nature
It is man’s expression of his reception of nature.
Art involves experience
By experience, it means the “actual doing of something.“
Jean Paul Sarte
described the role of art as creative work that depicts the world in a completely different light and perspective, and the source is due to human freedom.
True
Refining one’s ability to appreciate art allows people to deeply understand the purpose of artwork and recognize the beauty it possesses. (Collins and Riley, 1981)
True
Learning to appreciate art, no matter what vocation or profession you have, will lead to a fuller and more meaningful life (Collins and Riley, 1981)
Creativity
According to Merriam Dictionary, this requires thinking outside the box to explore ideas and unusual and that are not limited or controlled by rules or tradition.
Creative artist
does not simply copy or imitate another artist’s work. He does not imitate the lines, flaws, colors, and patterns in recreating nature. he embraces originality, puts his own flavor into his work, and calls it his own creative piece.
Imagination
Creativity starts with?
Expressing oneself
Releasing yourself from a tormenting and disabling state by doing something
Visual art; Film; Performance art; Poetry performance; Architecture art; Literary art; Theater; Applied arts
Forms of art expression
Visual art
creations that appeal to the sense of sight and are mainly visual in nature.
Film
refers to the art of putting together a succession of still images in order to create an illusion or movement.
Performance art
live art and the artist’s medium is mainly the human body which he or she uses to perform.
Poetry performance
Known as spoken word poetry. It is a dynamic form of artistic expression that combines elements of poetry, storytelling, and performance. It is meant to be performed live in front of an audience, with emphasis on vocal delivery, gestures, and body language.
Architecture art
the making of beautiful buildings
Literary art
focuses on writing using a unique style, not following a specific format or norm that may include both fiction and non-fiction.
Theater
uses live performers to present accounts or imaginary events before a live audience.
Applied arts
It incorporates elements of style and design into everyday items with the aim of increasing aesthetical value. The artist in this field brings beauty, charm, and comfort into many things that are useful to everyday life.
It answers the question of “what is it for?“
When it comes to function, different art forms come with distinctive functions.
Art is a spectrum
“function is so important that it has usurped the name of the art on the identification of individual works“ (Dudley et al., 1960)
Functions of art
Architectural artworks; Applied arts
Directly functional arts examples
Painting; Poem; Novel
Indirectly functional art examples
Personal function
Social function
Physical function
Three classifications of the functions of art
Personal function of art
It is highly subjective, and the function depends on the artist who created the art.
It is for self-expression or gratification.
It provides an aesthetic experience, both for self and viewers.
Social function of art
It addresses a particular collective interest as opposed to personal interest.
It seeks or tends to influence the collective behavior of people.
Activist art; Ceremonial art
Examples of Social functions of art
Physical function of art
crafted to serve some physical purpose
Art as Imitation; Art as Representation; Art as Disinterested Judgement; Art as Communication of Emotion
Philosophical perspectives of art
The Republic
In Plato’s _________, he painted a picture of artists and art as mere imitation.
Metaphysics or view of reality
In Plato’s _____________, the things in this world are only copies of the original, the eternal, and the actual entities that can only be found in the World of Forms.
Plato
Art as Imitation
Aristotle
Art as Representation
Aristotle
He is a student of Plato who agreed with Plato that art is a form of imitation. He also conceived art as representing possible versions of reality. He considered art as an aid to philosophy in revealing the truth.
The critique of Judgment
this critique by Immanuel Kant begins with the account of beauty.
they are disinterested
such judgments are universal
such judgments are necessary
through aesthetic judgments, beautiful objects appear to be “purposive without purpose“ (sometimes translated as final without end)
Kant argues that such aesthetic judgments (or ‘judgments of taste‘) may have 4 key distinguishing features
Leo Tolstoy
Art as communication of emotion
True
In Leo Tolstoy’s view, art plays a huge role in communicating to its audience’s emotions that the artist previously experienced.
information; emotions
In the same way that language communicates __________ to other people, art communicates ____________.
Subject
Form
Content
Three basic components of art
Subject
refers to the visual focus or the image that may be extracted from examining the artwork.
Representational art
Non-representational art or Non-objective
types of subject
Representational art
is a type of art that has a subject that refers to objects or events occurring in the real world.
Figurative art
this is another terms for Representational art because the figures are easy to make out and decipher.
Non-representational art or Non-objective
it does not make a reference to the real world, whether it is a person, place, thing, or even a particular event. It is stripped down to visual elements such as shapes, lines, and colors that are employed to translate a particular feeling, emotion, and even concept.
Non-figurative art
Another term for Non-representational art or Non-objective art
Abstract art
exists on a continuum from somewhat representational work to work that is so far removed from its actual real-world appearance that it is almost impossible to easily discern what is being presented. It is always connected to something visual from the real world.
Pablo Picasso, Head of a Woman, Mougins, 1962
Example of Abstract art
Landscapes, seascapes, cityscapes
Greek and Roman Mythology
Religion
History
Still life
Animals
Portraits
Figures
Everyday Life
Sources and kinds of subject
Landscapes, seascapes, cityscapes
artists have always been fascinated with the physical world.
Greek and Roman Mythology
the legendary story of Odysseus
Religion
various beliefs and traditions had an immense influence on Western Civilization, especially in art
Polytheism
Greek and Roman’s belief system with a multitude of gods and goddesses
Monotheism
Judeo-Christian tradition stems from a belief in a lone creator of the universe.
History
brings into consideration events that are familiar and sometimes even common or shared in a world context. Significant events involved particularly in the affairs of humanity are abundant for art production.
Still life
groups of inanimate objects arranged in an indoor setting. The arrangement is to show particular human interests and activities.
Animals
represented by artists from almost every age and place. the earliest paintings are representations of animals on the walls of caves.
Carabao
Favorite subject (source) of the Filipinos in Animals
Portraits
it is a realistic likeness of a person in sculpture, painting, drawing, or print but it needs to be a photographic likeness.
False. (It does not have to be beautiful but it has to be truthful)
Portraits have to be beautiful and truthful.
Figures
The body’s form, structure, and flexibility offer the artist a big challenge to depict it in a variety of ways, ranging from the idealistic as in the classical Greek sculptures to the most abstract.
the human body (nude or clothed)
It is the sculptor’s chief subject (traditionally)
Everyday life
artists have always shown a deep concern about life around them. many of them have recorded in paintings their observation of people going about their usual ways and performing their usual tasks.
Content
it is the meaning that is communicated by the artist or the artwork. the viewer goes beyond what is visible. It asks “why“ was the artwork created in the first place.
Erwin Panofsky
was a scholar who expounded on content analysis or how meaning has arrived in his seminal work Meaning in the Visual Arts. His methodology was identified as Iconology through the interpretation of iconography.
Iconography
comes from two Greek words; eikon (image) and graphe (writing). It means “image-writing” conveying the idea that an image can tell a story.
eikon
one of the Greek words that derived iconography and means “image”
graphe
one of the Greek words that derived iconography and means “writing”
Iconology
It is the study of icons or artistic symbolism
Factual meaning
Conventional meaning
Subjective meaning
Levels of meaning in Understanding the content of Art
Factual meaning
pertains to the most rudimentary level of meaning for it may be extracted from the identifiable or recognizable forms in the artwork and understanding how these elements relate to one another.
Conventional meaning
pertains to the acknowledged interpretation of the artwork using motifs , signs, symbols, and other cyphers as bases of its meaning
Subjective meaning
meaning of art may not be singular but may communicate multiple meanings to its viewers. The perception and meaning are informed by manifold contexts; what we know; what we learned; what we experienced; and what we stand for.
