Oral Midterm

communication

the process through which we express, interpret, and coordinate messages with others (encode, decode, feedback)

Brightside messages

ethical & appropriate

Darkside messages

not ethical and/or appropriate

social perception

who we believe ourselves and others to be

7 characteristics of communication

purpose, continuous, irreversible, situated, indexical, vary in conscious thought, guided by cultural norms

technologically meditated

technology in use establish relationships for humans

communication contexts

the physical, social, historical, psychological, and cultural situations that surround a communication event

-background story

Canned Plans and Scripts

how we create and interpret messages is based on these

-canned plan (library from past we use to respond to situations)

encoding/message production

the process of putting our thoughts and feelings into words and nonverbal behaviors

decoding/message interpretation

the process of interpreting another's message

feedback/interaction coordination

responses to messages

3 parts of message process

encoding/message production

decoding/ message interpretation

feedback/interaction coordination

culture

a system of shared beliefs, norms, behaviors, and expectations that persist over time and prescribe social behavior and assumptions

prejudice

judging a person based on the characteristics of a group to which the person belongs without regard to how the person may vary from the group

discrimination

acting differently toward a person based on prejudice

dominant culture

the learned system of norms held by the majority group of empowered people in a society

co-culture

A group compromised of a smaller number of people who hold common values, beliefs, attitudes, and customs that differ from those of the dominant culture

code switch

altering one's linguistic and nonverbal patterns to conform to the dominant of co-culture depending on the topic and participants involved

cultural identity

part of the self-concept that is based on how closely one associates with the dominant culture and various co-cultures

self-perception

the overall view we have of ourselves, which includes both our self-concept and self-esteem (confidence)

indexical

a. Trust

b. control

c. Complimentary feedback

d. Symmetrical feedback (challenging)

purpose

a. To develop or maintain a sense of self

b. To meet our social needs

c. To develop and maintain relationships

d. To exchange information

e. To influence others

vary in conscious thought

a. Spontaneous (without much conscious thought)

b. Constructed (carefully thought out)

self concept

A perception or view of oneself

self-esteem

how much you value, respect, and feel confident about yourself

cultural identity

part of the self-concept that is based on how closely one associates with the dominant culture and various co-cultures

language

a system of symbols that allows people to communicate with one another

lexicon

collection of words and expressions

(dictionary)

dialects

a unique form of a more general language spoken by a specific culture or co-culture

semantics

derived from the words themselves and how they are arranged into sentences

liar/lying

Role & type of cultural norms in shaping self concept and self esteem

independent self perceptions

interdependent self perceptions

independent self perception

based on the belief that traits and abilities are internal to the person and are universally applicable to all situations

interdependent self perceptions

based on the belief that traits and abilities are specific to a particular context or relationship

perception of others

status, stereotypes, sights and sounds

difference between prejudice and discrimination

prejudice refers to THOUGHTS/FEELINGS towards an ethnic or racial group whereas

discrimination refers to ACTS against an ethnic or racial group

denotative

explicit meaning found in the dictionary of a language community

connotative

implicit meaning associated with a word

-context clues

-intent

nonverbal communication

communication using body movements, gestures, and facial expressions rather than speech

-transcend spoken or written words

How do cultures differ?

POMUCCI

P- power distance/sharing

O-orientation

M-masculine/fem.

U- uncertainty avoidance

C- chronemics

I- individual/collect.

individualism culture

value personal rights and responsibilities, privacy, freedom, innovation, and self-expression

collectivism cultures

value community, collaboration, shared interests, harmony, the public good, and avoiding embarrassment

contextual clues

high context/low context cultures

high-context culture

speaker's message is understood mainly based on context

a culture in which people are taught to speak in an indirect, inexplicit way

low-context culture

people rely mainly on words to convey meaning

a culture in which people are expected to be direct and to say what they mean

chronemics

chrono- time

monochronic cultures v. polychronic cultures

monochronic cultures

people tend to do one thing at a time

-value punctuality, deadlines