med term ch. 8

respiratory system

alveolus

root: alveol (air sac)
meaning: terminal element of respiratory tract where gas exchange occurs

bronchiole

cf/r: bronch/i (bronchus)
suffix: ole (small)
meaning: increasingly smaller subdivisions of bronchi

bronchus

one of two subdivisions of trachea

cilium

hairlike motion projection from the surface of a cell

expiration

prefix: ex (out)
root: spirat (breathe)
meaning: breathe out

inspiration

prefix: in (into)
root: spirat (breathe)
meaning: breathe in

olfaction

root: olfact (smell)
meaning: sense of smell

oxygen

root: oxy (oxygen)
suffix: gen (create)
meaning: gas essential for life

pharynx

greek for throat
tube from the back of the nose to the larynx

pulmonary

root: pulmon (lung/air)
meaning: pertaining to the lungs

rale

crackle heard through a stethoscope when air bubbles through a liquid in the lungs

respiration
respirator

root: spir (breathe)
prefix: re (again)
suffix: ation (process)
meaning: process of breathing involving the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

meaning: ventilator

sputum

matter coughed up and spat out by individuals with respiratory disorders

trachea

root: trache (trachea)
meaning: air tube from the larynx to the bronchi

cautery

root: cauter (to burn)
meaning: a device to scar, burn or cut tissue

coryza

acute inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose

decongestant

prefix: de (take away, remove)
root: congest (accumulation of fluid)
meaning: agent that reduces the swelling and fluid in the nose and sinuses

epistaxis

prefix: epi (above)
root: stax (fall in drops)
meaning: nosebleed

naris

root: nas (nose)
meaning: nostril

palate

roof of the mouth, floor of the nose

paranasal

prefix: para (adjacent to)
root: nas (nose)
meaning: adjacent to the nose

polyp

any mass of tissue that projects outward

rhinitis

root: rhin (nose)
suffix: itis (inflammation)
meaning: acute inflammation of the nasal mucosa

septum

thin wall separating two cavities or tissue masses

sinus

root: sinus (sinus)
meaning: cavity or hollow space in bone or other tissue

adenoid

root: aden (gland)
sufix: oid (resembling)
meaning: single mass of lymphoid tissue in the midline at the back of the throat

apnea

prefix: a (without)
root: pnea (breathe)
meaning: absence of spontaneous respiration

hypoxia

prefix: hyp (below)
root: ox (oxygen)
suffix: ia (condition)
meaning: decreased below normal levels of oxygen in tissues, gases or blood

laryngopharynx

cf/r: laryng/o (larynx)
root: pharynx
meaning: region of the pharynx below the epiglottis that includes the larynx

nasopharynx

cf/r: nas/o (nose)
root: pharynx
meaning: region of the pharynx at the back of the nose and above the soft palate

oropharynx

cf/r: or/o (mouth)
root: pharynx
meaning: region at the back of the mouth between the soft palate and the tip of the epiglottis

polysomnography

prefix: poly (many)
cf/r: somn/o (sleep)
suffix: graphy (process of recording)
meaning: test to monitor brain waves, muscle tension, eye movement, and oxygen levels in the blood as the patient sleeps

tonsil

mass of lymphoid tissue on either side of the throat at the back of the tongue

croup

infection of the upper airways in children characterized by a barking cough

epiglottis

prefix: epi (above)
root: glottis (mouth of windpipe)
meaning: lead shaped plate of cartilage that shuts off the larynx during swallowing

intubation

prefix: in (in)
root: tub (tube)
suffix: ation (a process)
meaning: insertion of a tube into trachea

laryngotracheobronchitis

cf/r: laryng/o (larynx)
cf/r: trache/o (trachea)
root: bronch (bronchus)
meaning: inflammation of the larynx, trachea and bronchi

larynx

organ of sound production

laryngitis

root: laryng (larynx)
meaning: inflammation of the larynx

papilla

any small projection

papilloma

cf/r: papill/o (pimple)
suffix: oma (tumor)
meaning: benign projection of epithelial cells

stridor

high pitched noise made when there is a respiratory obstruction in the larynx or trachea

vocal

root: voc (voice)
meaning: pertaining to the voice

diaphragm

cf/r: diaphragm
meaning: the muscular sheet separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities

fissures

root: fiss (split)
suffix: ure (result of)
meaning: deep furrow or cleft

lobe

root: lob (lobe)
meaning: subdivision of an organ or other part

mediastinum

prefix: media (middle)
root: stin (partition)
suffix: um (structure)
meaning: area between the lungs containing the heart, aorta, venae cavae, esophagus, and trachea

pleura

root: pleur (pleura)
meaning: membrane covering the lungs and lining the ribs in the thoracic cavity

pleurisy

root: pleur (pleura)
suffix: isy (inflammation)
meaning: inflammation of the pleura

segment

a section of an organ or structure

bradypnea

prefix: brady (slow)
root: pnea (breathe)
meaning: slow breathing

cyanosis

root: cyan (dark blue)
suffix: osis (condition)
meaning: blue discoloration of the skin, lips, and nail beds due to low levels of oxygen in the blood

dyspnea

prefix: dys (bad)
root: pnea (breathe)
meaning: difficult breathing

eupnea

prefix: eu (normal, good)
root: pnea (breathe)
meaning: normal breathing

exhale

prefix: ex (out)
root: hale (breathe)
meaning: breathe out

expectorate

prefix: ex (out)
root: pector (chest)
meaning: cough up and spit out mucus from the respiratory tract

hemoptysis

cf/r: hem/o (blood)
suffix: ptysis (spit)
meaning: bloody sputum

hyperpnea

prefix: hyper (excessive)
root: pnea (breathe)
meaning: deeper and more rapid breathing than normal

inhale

breathe in

phlegm

abnormal amounts of mucus expectorated from the respiratory tract

tachypnea

prefix: tachy (rapid)
root: pnea (breathe)
meaning: rapid breathing

asthma

episodes of breathing difficulty due to narrowed or obstructed airways

auscultation

root: ascult (listen to)
suffix: ation (process)
meaning: diagnostic method of listening to body sounds with a stethoscope

bronchiectasis

cf/r: bronch/i (bronchus)
suffix: ectasis (dilation)
meaning: chronic dilation of the bronchi following inflammatory disease and obstruction

bronchiolitis

cf/r: bronch/i (bronchus)
suffix: itis (inflammation)
meaning: inflammation of the bronchi

bronchoconstriction

cf/r: bronch/o (bronchus)
root: constrict (narrow)
suffix: ion (action)
meaning: reduction in diameter of a bronchus

bulla

bubble like dilated structure

cystic fibrosis

root: cyst (cyst)
root: fibr (fiber)
suffix: osis (abnormal condition)
meaning: genetic disease in which excessive vidcid mucus obstructs passages, including bronchi

emphysema

prefix: em (in, into)
root: physema (blowing)
meaning: dilation of respiratory bronchioles and alveoli

hypercapnia

prefix: hyper (excesive)
root: capn (carbon dioxide)
meaning: abnormal increase of carbon dioxide in the arterial bloodstream

hypersecretion

prefix: hyper (excesive)
root: secrete (secrete)
meaning: excessive secretion of mucus

rhonchus

snoring noise made by air passing through a constricted lumen

viscosity

root: viscos (sticky)
meaning: the resistance of a fluid to flow

adenocarcinoma

cf/r: aden/o (gland)
root: carcin (cancer)
meaning: a cancer arising from glandular epithelial cells

anthracosis

root: anthrac (coal)
meaning: lung disease caused by inhalation of coal dust

anthrax

a severe malignant infectious disease

asbestosis

lung disease caused by the inhalation of particle

aspiration

root: aspirat (to breathe on)
meaning: removal by suction of fluid or gas from a body cavity

atelectasis

root: atel (incomplete)
suffix: ectasis (dilation)
meaning: collapse of part of a lung

bronchogenic

cf/r: bronch/o (bronchus)
suffix: genic (creation)
meaning: arising from a bronchus

bronchopneumonia

cf/r: bronch/o (bronchus)
root: pneumon (air, lung)
meaning: acute inflammation of the walls of smaller bronchioles with spread to lung parenchyma

empyema

prefix: em (in, into)
root: py (pus)
suffix: ema (quality of)
meaning: pus in a body cavity, particularly in the pleural cavity

hemothorax

cf/r: hem/o (blood)
root: thorax (chest)
meaning: blood in the chest

parenchyma

the specific functional calls of a gland or organ

pneumoconiosis

cf/r: pneum/o (lung, air)
root: coni (dust)
meaning: fibrotic lung disease caused by the inhalation of different dusts

pneumonia

inflammation of the lung parenchyma

pneumothorax

cf/r: pneum/o (lung, air)
root: thorax (chest)
meaning: air in the pleural cavity

sarcoidosis

root: sarc (flesh)
suffix: oid (resembling)
meaning: granulomatous lesions of the lungs and other organs

silicosis

root: sillic (glass)
suffix: osis (condition)
meaning: fibrotic lung disease from inhaling silica particles

thoracentesis

root: thora (chest)
suffix: centesis (to puncture)
meaning: insertion of a needle into a pleural cavity to withdraw fluid of air

tuberculosis

root: tubercul (nodule, swelling)
meaning: infectious disease that can infect any organ or tissue

bronchoscopy

cf/r: bronch/o (bronchus)
suffix: scopy (to view)
meaning: examination of the interior of the tracheobronchial tree with an endoscope

endotracheal

prefix: endo (inside)
root: trache (trachea)
meaning: pertaining to being inside the trachea

mediastinoscopy

cf/r: mediastin/o (mediastinum)
suffix: scopy (to view)
meaning: examination of the mediastinum using an endoscope

spirometer

cf/r: tom/o (cut, slice, layer)
suffix: graphy (process of recording)
meaning: radiographic image of a selected slice of tissue

transthoracic

prefix: trans (across)
root: thorac (chest)
meaning: going through the chest wall

ultrasonography

prefix: ultra (beyond)
cf/r: son/o (sound)
meaning: delineation of deep structures using sound waves

bronchodilator

cf/r: bronch/o (bronchus)
root: dilat (expand, open up)
suffix: or (one who does)
meaning: agent that increases the diameter of a bronchus

cannula

tube inserted into a blood vessel or cavity as a channel for fluid or gas

immunization

root: immuniz (make immune)
suffix: ation (process)
meaning: administration of an agent to provide immunity