Art Appreciation Unit 3

When an artist is ready to express himself in art and to give shape to his vision, his first

thought would be on what ________ to use.

Medium

the artwork shows the level of familiarity with the medium being

manipulated.

Technique

Derived from the word "curare" which means to take care. It is a process that involves

managing, overseeing and assembling or putting together a presentation or exhibit for

some type of artistic collection.

Curation

derivation of Curation - meaning

curare - take care

small tiles or irregularly cut pieces of colored stones or glass on a mosaic

tesserae

derivation of collage - definition

coller - to stick

derivation of sculpture - definition

sculpere - to carve

A Roman invention that consists of separate pieces of wedge-shaped blocks arranged in an arch

voussoirs

The fundamental skill needed in the visual arts.

Drawing

Made of graphite which comes in different hardness from soft to hard or

thickness from thick to needle-like.

Pencil

A series of thin parallel lines that run in the same direction.

Hatching

A series of thin parallel lines and criss-crossing it with another

set of tin parallel lines.

Cross-hatching

Uses the sharp point of the pencil to make dot patterns in some parts of

the drawing.

Stippling

May be accomplished by using the finger or a paper stump to gradually

change the tone from dark to light.

Blending

It is one of the oldest materials for drawing that is still in use. It allows for a great

variety of qualities, depending on the tools and technique used in the application.

Ink

composed of dry pigment held together by a gum binder and

compressed into sticks.

Pastel

Using pastel of different colors to produce small marks, thus, creating

a pattern.

Stipping

It is like layering but using pastel. The side of the pastel is lightly drawn on top of an existing color but still making the color of the first layer visible.

Scumbling

Using the point of the pastel to make parallel strokes creating a feather-like effect.

Feathering

Pigment is mixed with water and applied on a portion of the wall with

wet plaster. It is used for mural paintings.

Fresco

Printmaking Techniques

Relief Painting (Raised)

Intaglio Printing (Depressed)

Surface Printing (Flat)

structure that makes use of a beam or slab that extends horizontally

into space beyond its supporting post.

cantilever

Art of combining spoken or written words and their meanings into forms which have

artistic and emotional appeal.

literature

Male singing voice that is low and rich in quality.

bass

Types of Dance

Ethnologic (ethnic)

Social or Ballroom

Ballet

Modern

Musical Comedy (musicale)

The different media for drawing

1) pencils

2) ink

3) pastel

4) charcoal

5) paper

kinds of pastel

Soft pastel

Hard pastel

Oil Pastel

pastel techniques

a. stippling

b. feathering

c. scumbling

d. impasto

e. sgrafitto

The technique of thickly applying the pastel by pressing it hard on the paper creating an opaque effect.

Impasto

Technique that applies a thick deposit of pastel on the support then using a blunt pen, scrapes it off to reveal the underlying color.

Sigraffito

An organic medium that comes from burnt wood

charcoal

Kinds of Charcoal

Compressed Charcoal

Manufactured Charcoal

The vine charcoal which comes in thin sticks that is easy

to blend and erase.

Compressed Charcoal

Made from loose charcoal mixed with a binder and

pressed into sticks.

Manufactured Charcoal

the most common surface used in two-dimensional art.

Paper

3 types of paper

- Hot Pressed paper

- Cold Pressed paper

- Rough paper

kind of paper that is smooth

hot-pressed paper

kind of paper that has moderate texture

cold-pressed paper

kind of paper that has the most texture (tooth)

Rough paper

Graphic or two dimensional arts

drawing

painting

mosaic

collage

printmaking

process of applying paint onto a smooth surface (ground/support) like paper,

cloth, canvas, wood or plaster.

Painting

Part of the paint that gives color.

pigment

different media for painting

Watercolor

Gouache

Oil Paints

Tempera

Fresco

Acrylic

Pigments are mixed with water and applied to paper.

watercolor

pigment has been mixed with water and added with a chalk-like

Gouache

Pigments are mixed with oil as its binder. It is a dense painting

medium and gives rich, beautiful colors. Discovered by a Flemish painter, Jan Van Eyck

in the 15th century.

Oil paints

who is a Flemish painter that discovered oil paints in 15th century?

Jan Van Eyek

Pigment is mixed with egg yolk (sometimes with the white) as binder.

tempera

Modern medium with synthetic paint using acrylic emulsion as binder.

Acrylic

Wall or floor decorations made of small tiles or irregularly cut pieces of colored stones or

glass called tesserae.

Mosaic

Derived from a French word "coller" which means to stick. This is a technique of

making art by gluing or pasting on firm support materials or found objects.

Collage

Process used for making reproductions of graphic works. Allows for the repeated transfer

of a master image from a printing plate (matrix) onto a surface.

Printmaking

The oldest method of printmaking. The technique

involves cutting away certain parts of the surface and leaving the 'raised' part to produce

the image.

Relief Painting (Raised)

Instead of the surface of the plate for the image,

the lines of the image are cut or incised to a metal plate.

Intaglio Printing (Depressed)

Includes all processes in which printing is done from a

flat surface.

Surface Printing (Flat)

3 Kinds of Sculptures

freestanding

relief

kinetic (mobile)

Originated from the Latin word "sculpere" which means to carve . It is defined as the art

or practice of creating three-dimensional forms or figures.

Sculpture

Sculptures which can be viewed from all sides.

Freestanding

Sculptures in which the figures project from a background.

Relief

Two Variations of Relief Sculpture

Low Relief (bas relief)

High Relief

Figures are slightly raised/projected from its

background.

Low relief (bas relief)

Almost half of the figures project from its background, more

shadows are created.

high relief

a sculpture that is capable of movement by wind, water or

other forms of energy.

kinetic (mobile)

The Process of Creating Sculptures

1) subtractive process

2) additive process

3) process of substitution

Involves removing or cutting away pieces of the material to form the figure.

substractive process

process involves the construction of a figure by putting together bits of the material

or by welding together metal parts to create figures.

additive process

This process is also known as casting.

process of substitution

This method involves using a mold to produce a

3D figure in another material.

process of substitution

Different Media of Sculpture

stone

wood

metal

plaster

terra cotta (cooked earth)

glass

plastic

Natural medium. Hard and relatively permanent.

stone

Also a natural medium. It varies in hardness and durability depending on

the kind of tree it came from.

Wood

has three unique qualities: tensile strength, ductility and malleability.

metal

It is finely ground gypsum mixed with water and poured into mold.

plaster

Baked clay or clay fired in a kiln at a relatively high

temperature.

terra cotta (cooked earth)

Made by heating and cooling a combination of sand and soda lime.

glass

Synthetic medium made from organic polymers.

plastic

Art of designing buildings and other structures which will serve a definite function.

architecture

Construction Principles

• post and lintel

• arch

• truss

• cantilever

• buttress

Makes use of two vertical supports (post) and spanned by a

horizontal beam (lintel). It was invented by the Greeks.

post and lintel

Roman invention that consists of separate pieces of wedge-shaped

blocks called "voussoirs" arranged in a semi-circle.

arch

Structures that can be Built from the Principle of Arch

Barrel Vault

Groin Vault

Dome

succession of arches.

barrel vault

structure that is formed by intersecting arches resulting in four

openings.

groin vault

Structure with the shape of an inverted cup.

dome

System of triangular forms assembled to form a rigid framework.

truss

structure that is built as a support for the wall.

buttress

Refers to those materials that can support heavy weights

without crumbling or breaking down.

compressive strength

Stones are favored over other materials for its durability,

adaptability to sculptural treatment and its use for building simple structures in its natural

state.

stones and bricks

All parts of a building can be constructed using ____ except

the foundations.

lumber (wood)

Provide stronger and taller structures with less use of material

when compared to stone or wood.

iron and steel

Mixture of cement and water, with aggregates of sand and gravel.

concrete

Types of Literature

Poetry

Fiction

Non-Fiction

Drama

used to follow strict rules s to the number and length of lines and

stanzas but in recent years they have become more free-flowing

poetry

Written work that is not real and which uses elaborate figurative

language.

fiction

Subject matter comes from real life.

non-fiction

Includes all plays or any written works that are meant to be performed.

drama

Defined as the art of combining and regulating sounds of varying pitch to produce

compositions that express various ideas and feelings.

music

Media in Music

• vocal medium

• instrumental medium

oldest and most popular medium for music is the human

voice.

vocal medium