Anatomy

anatomy final

Superior/Inferior

above/below

Superficial/Deep

toward and away from the body surface

Medial/Lateral

toward the midline/away from the midline

Anterior/Posterior

toward the front and back of the body

Proximal/Distal

closer to trunk/further from trunk

Ventral/Dorsal

belly side/backside

Intermediate

between two structures

Medial/Sagittal Plane

divides the body into left and right sections

Transverse/Horizontal plane

divides the body into superior and inferior parts

Frontal/Coronal

divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

Homeostasis

process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment

Circulatory system

Transports nutrients and waste through the body

Respiratory System

Brings oxygen into the body and expels carbon dioxide

Digestive system

Breaks down food & absorbs nutrients

Excretory system

Removes nitrogenous waste products from the body

Nervous System

receives and sends electrochemical signals throughout the body

Muscular system

provides movement

Skeletal System

provides support, protection, and structure

Integumentary system

Protective covering

Tibia

Fibula

Radius

Ulna

Femur

Humerus

Phalanges

Carpals

Metacarpals

Tarsals

Metatarsals

clavicle

Sternum

Scapula

distal epiphysis

end farthest from trunk

proximal epiphysis

end of the bone closest to the body trunk

Diaphysis

shaft of a long bone

yellow marrow

compact bone

Hard, dense bone tissue

spongy bone

Layer of bone tissue having many small spaces and found just inside the layer of compact bone.

long bone

longer than they are wide

Short bone

cube-shaped bone that is approximately equal in length, width, and thickness

irregular bones

vertebrae

flat bones

These bones are thin, flat, and curved. They form the ribs, breastbone, and skull.

Hyaline cartilage

Most common type of cartilage; it is found on the ends of long bones, ribs, and nose

Elastic cartilage

cartilage with abundant elastic fibers; more flexible than hyaline cartilage. Found in ear, nose, epiglottis.

Fibrocartilage

cartilage that contains fibrous bundles of collagen, such as that of the intervertebral disks in the spinal cord.

dense fibrous connective tissue

makes up tendons and ligaments

synovial joints

General category of joint, freely movable joints

cartilaginous joints

General category of joint, allow only slight movement

fibrous joints

General category of joint, immovable

Hinge joint

elbow and knee

ball and socket joint

shoulder and hip

plane joint

joint between tarsals and carpals

pivot joint

ulna and radius

extensor carpi ulnaris (Dorsal Side)

Extends carpals

extensor digitorum (dorsal side)

Extends digits

extensor carpi radialis

Extends carpals

flexor carpi radialis

\-flexes carpals

What is it's function?

flexor carpi ulnaris-

Flexes carpals

What is it's function?

Biceps Brachii

Flexes elbow

Brachialis-

Flexes elbow

What is it's function?

Triceps brachii long head

\-extends elbow

What is it's function?

Triceps Brachii medial head-

Extends elbow

What is it's function?

Triceps Brachii Lateral Head-

extends elbow

What is it's function?

Clavotrapezius

Pulls Scapula Cranially

Spinotrapezius-

Pulls Scapula Caudly

What is it's function?

Deltoid-

Abducts Humerus

What is it's function?

Pectoantebrachialis

adducts humerus

pectoralis major-

adducts humerus

What is it's function?

Supraspinatus

abducts humerus

Infraspinatus-

rotates humerus laterally (arm wrestle)

What is it's function?

teres major-

Adducts humerus

What is it's function?

Rhomboideus-

Pulls scapula cranially (head nod)

What is it's function?

Splenius-

Elevates head (shrug)

What is it's function?

Digastric

Depresses Mandible (open mouth)

Internal Oblique

Flexes Vertebral Column

masseter-

elevates mandible (closes mouth)

What is it's function?

external oblique-

Flexes Vertebral Column

What is it's function?

transverse abdominis-

Flexes Vertebral Column

What is it's function?

rectus abdominis-Flexes Vertebral Column

What Muscle is This?

What is it's function?

Tensor Fascia Latae

extends knee

Biceps Femoris-extends hip

What is this muscle?

What is it's function?