Unit 2 Age of Exploration

The Europeans Explore the East starting at and ending at what year?

1400-1800

What is the big idea of the Europeans Explore the East?

Advances in sailing technology enabled Europeans to explore other parts of the world.

Why do Europeans Explore the East matters now?

European exploration was an improtant step toward the globaal interaction existing in the world today.

What year was the Europeans ready to venture beyond their borders?

1400s

What prompted the Europeans to explore the world around them?

A new spirit of adventure and curiousity.

Were Europeans isolated from the rest of the world before the 1400s?

No, because around 1100, European crusaders battled Muslims for control of the Holy Lands in Southwest Asia.

What year did a Italian trader Marco Polo reach the court of Kublai Khan in China?

1275

What things started the age of European exploration?

The desire to gain riches, spread Christainity, coupled with adances in sailing technology.

What is the main reason for the European exploration?

The desire for new sources of wealth.

What is a Crusade?

The wars fought between Christains and Muslims from 1096 to 1270

What were merchants and traders selling through overseas exploration?

Spieces and goods from Aisa.

After the Crusades ended what did the Europeans continue to demand?

Spices

The Muslims and the Italians controlled trade from

East to West

Muslims sold Asian goods to Italian merchants throughtout Europe, who controlled trade across the land routes of the mediterranean region, they resold to merchants throughtout Europe at

High price

By the 1400s, European merchants as well as monarches of England, Spain, Portugal, and France sought to bypass the Italian merchants by

Finding a sea route directly to Asia.

Christopher Columbus was a

Italian explorer

Christopher Columbus was hired by king Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella of Spain to

Sail across the Atlantic to try to find a pathway to India.

What date did the voyage leave Spain?

August 3, 1492

How many ships were on the Voyage

Three

What were the three ships names?

Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria.

How many crew members were on the voyage?

90

When does Culumbus discover land?

October 11, 1492

What was the island that was founded renamed to?

San Salvador

What were the local natives called?

The Taino

What did Columbus call the people on the land?

Indians because they first thought they had found India.

What did Columbus try to search for on the Caribbean islands like Hispaniola, Cuba, and other small islands?

Gold and Riches

Columbus and his men captured many of the Taino people and sold them into what?

Salavery

How many voyages did Columbus make before he died?

Four voyages

Columbus discovered the “ New World” which led to

The colonization of North and South America by European coutries.

Columbus was the first European to set foot on the mainland of the

America since the viking Leif Ericsson.

The desire to spread Christainity is also

Motivated Europeans to explore.

European countries believed that they had a sacried duty not only to continue fighting Muslims but to do what?

To convert non-Christians throughtout the world.

The Europeans hoped to obtain what from the people of Asia?

Popular goods

What did the Europeans hope to do to the people of Asia?

To Christainize them.

“ To serve God and His Majesty, to give light to those who were in darkness and to grow rich as all men desire to do”. This quote is from?

Bernal Diaz Del Castillo

Prince Henry

Prince of Portugal and patron of exploration; he made no voyages himself but spent his life directing voyages of discovery along the African coast.

Bartolomeu Dias

Portuguese explorer; first person to reach the cape of good hope at the southern tip of Africa.

Vasco da Gama

Portuguese navigator; in 1497-1499, he became the first European to sail around Africa and reach India by sea.

Treaty of Tordesillas

A 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain declaring that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Protugal.

Dutch East India Company

A company founded by the Dutch in the early 17th century to establish and direct trade throughout Asia.

What were the primary motives for exploration?

God, glory, and gold.

What made the voyages of discovery possible?

The advances in technology

During the 1200s it would have been nearly impossible for a EUropean sea captain to cross

3,000 miles of ocean and return again.

What was the main problem that the Europeans face when sailing?

European ships couldn’t sail against the wind.

What was the new design that helped the European ship?

A new vessel called caravel.

What was the caravel?

It was a sturdier than earlier vessel. It was a triangular sail adopted from the Arabs.

Europeans also improved their navigational techniques so that?

To better determine their location at sea, sailors used the astrolabe.

What is an astrolabe?

A brass circle with carefully adjusted rings marked off in degrees.

How would a sailer use an astrolabe?

Using the rings to sight the stars, a sea captain could calculate latitude, or how far north of the south of the equator the ship was.

Explorers were also able to more accurately track direction by using what?

Magnetic Compass

The magnetic compass was intented by

The Chinese

A French mariner uses what to ashore to fix his ship’s position?

A navigation instrument.

The average caravel was between what?

65 and 75 feet

The sextant replaced the astolabe in the mid-1700s as what?

The instrument for measuring the height of the stars above the horizon to determine latitude and longitude.

The Portuguese are credited with perfecting what?

A 16-point wind rose.

What is a wind rose?

A tool that showed from which direction the wind was blowing.

Measurements from the wind rose and current patterns were written down into what?

A pilot book or navigation charts for use during future voyages.

Who was the leader in developing and applying these sailing innovations?

Portugal

Where is Portugal located?

On the Altantic Ocean at the southwest corner of Europe.

Portugal was the first European country to establish trading outposts along the what?

The west coast of Africa.

Portiguses explorers pushed father east into the

Indian Ocean

Portugal took the lead in overseas exploration in part due to what?

A strong governemnt investment.

The nation’s most enthusiastic supporter of exploration was who?

Prince Henry

Who is Prince Henry?

The son of the Portugal’s king.

Henry’s dreams of overseas exploration began in what year?

1415

Henry’s dream was started when?

He helped conquer the Muslim city of Ceuta in North Africa.

In Ceuta, the Portuguese invaders found exotic stores filled with what?

Pepper, cinnamon, cloves and spices. Large supplies of gold, silver, and jewels.

For his role in promoting Portuguese exploration historians call Prince Henry what?

The navigator.

Prince Henry has never gone on voyages of discovery but he was consumed by what?

The quest to find new lands and to spread Christainity.

Henry used his own fortune to organize more than how many voyages along the western coast of Africa?

14 voyages

Henry died in debt so the Portuguese crown spent more than how many years paying off his debts?

60 years

Henry returned to Portugal determined to reach what?

The source of these treasures in the East.

In 1419 Henry established a navigation school on the southwestern coast of what?

Of Portugal.

Within several years and with considerable investment from the monarchy Portuguese ships were able to do what?

Portuguese ships began sailing down the western coast of Africa.

When did Henry die?

1460

When was Henry born?

1394

The Portuguese traded with Africans for what?

Profitable items as gold and ivory.

They traded for African captives to what?

To be used as slaves.

Portuguese would attempt to find what?

A sea route to Asia.

The Portuguese believed that to reach Asia by sea they would have to do what?

Have to sail around the southern tip of Africa.

What year did Portuguese captain Bartolomen Dias ventured for down the coast of Africa until he reached the tip?

1488

Dias realized his ships had been blown around what?

The tip to the other side.

Dias explored the southeast coast of Africa and then what?

Considered sailing to India.

In what year did Portuguese explorer vasco da Gama begin exploring the east Africa coast?

1497

In 1498 Vasco da Gama reached the port of

Calicut on the southwestern coast of India.

The Portuguese sailors filled their ships with what and returned to Portugal in 1499?

Good spices like pepper and cinnamon.

When tthe Portuguese returned with spices their cargo was worth what?

60 times the coast of the voyage.

Da Gama’s remarkable voyage of 27,00 miles had given Portugal a what?

A direct sea route to India.

As the Portuguese were establishing trading posts along the west coast of Africa what did Spain do?

They watched with increasing envy.

Christopher voyage would open the way for EUropean colonization of the

Americas- a process that would forever change the world.

The impact of Columbus’s voyage was to

Increase tensions between Spain and Portugal.

Portugal suspected that Columbus had claimed for Spain lands that Portuguese sailors might have

Reached first

The rivalry between SPain and Portugal grew more

Tense

In 1493, Pope Alexander Vi stepped into keeping peace between the two nation by?

Suggesting to divide a line, drawning north to south , through the Atlantic Ocean.

All lands to the west of the line

Known as the line of Demarcation, would be Spain’s

All lands to the east of the line would

Belong to Portugal.

In 1494, Spain and Portugal signed the Treaty of Tordesillas in

Which they agreed to honor the line

Europeans have opened an era of what?

Violent conflict in the East

The European nations scrambled to establish a profitable trading outposts along what?

The shores of south and southeast Asia.

All the while they battled the region’s

Inhabitants as well as each other