Static Electricity

Initial Charge (Friction)

Both objects start neutral (equal protons & electrons).

Contact Amount (Friction)

Direct contact through rubbing, causing friction.

Final Charge (Friction)

Objects end with opposite charges (one +, one –).

Electron Movement (Friction)

Material higher on the electrostatic series loses electrons (weaker hold); lower on series gains electrons (stronger hold).

Initial Charge (Contact)

One charged object (can be + or –) + one neutral object.

Contact Amount (Contact)

Direct contact

Final Charge (Contact)

The neutral object becomes the same charge as charged object.

Electron Movement (Contact)

Electrons move between objects: negative objects give electrons to neutral ones, positive objects pull electrons from neutral ones, so both end with the same charge.

Initial Charge (Induction)

One charged object + one neutral object.

Contact Amount (Induction)

No contact

Final Charge (Induction)

Overall charges stay the same (neutral stays neutral, charged stays charged).

Electron Movement (Induction)

Electrons only shift inside the neutral object: negative charges push electrons away, positive charges pull electrons closer, but the object stays overall neutral.