Ethics, Deviance, and Excellence in Sport

These vocabulary flashcards cover key concepts in sports ethics, performance-enhancing substances, commercialisation, elite pathways, and technological impacts based on the lecture notes.

Deviance

Behaviour that differs from the norms or values of a sport, typically driven by a ‘win at all costs’ attitude.

WADA

The World Anti-doping Agency, the organization responsible for deciding the banned list of illegal drugs in sport.

PEDs

Performance Enhancing Drugs; substances on the banned list used to improve or change human athletic performance.

HGH (human growth hormone)

A naturally occurring substance that increases bone, muscle, and cartilage growth to improve power and strength.

Anabolic steroids

Forms of testosterone that stimulate muscle growth and increased aggression to aid in recovery and increase muscle mass.

Beta Blockers

Drugs that control heart rate to calm nerves and steady the hands, used in sports requiring fine motor skills.

EPO (erythropoietin)

A hormone that stimulates the production of new red blood cells, increasing $O_2$ carrying capacity to improve endurance.

Blood Doping

The process of removing and later re-transfusing blood to increase red blood cell count and $O_2$ carrying capacity.

Diuretics

Substances used for rapid weight loss by increasing water expulsion or used as a masking agent to flush illegal drugs from the system.

Creatine

A legal supplement used to improve the recovery of the ATP / PC energy system.

Bicarbonate (soda loading)

A legal supplement that may help to buffer the effects of lactic acid.

Deindividuation

A state where a person loses their sense of individual identity in a crowd, leading to diminished responsibility and lack of accountability for violence.

Match Fixing

When a competition is played to a completely or partly pre-determined result, usually involving bribes for corrupt players or officials.

Spot Fixing

When a specific aspect of a sports competition, such as a no-ball in cricket, is illegally pre-determined.

Commercialisation

The process of using sport to make a profit, primarily through the golden triangle of sport, media, and sponsorship.

The Golden Triangle

The commercial structure representing the interdependent relationship between sport, media, and sponsorship.

Foundation Level

The introductory stage of sport emphasizing fun and recreational involvement for all participants.

Excellence Level

The national or international level of sport supported by high levels of coaching and sports science.

Podium Level Support

UK Sport funding of approximately $£36-60K$ per year for athletes with potential to win a medal at the next Olympics within $4$ years.

Podium Potential Support

UK Sport funding of $£23-40K$ for athletes with the potential to win a medal at the next but one Olympics within $8$ years.

Talent Identification

The testing of physiological and psychological parameters, such as $VO_2$ max or anthropometry, to determine the likelihood of sporting success.

Anthropometry

The measurement of genetic physical characteristics, such as muscle fibre type ratios or arm span, to predict athletic suitability.

English Institute of Sport (EIS)

A UK Sport-run organization providing world-class facilities, medical support, and research for elite athletes.

PHC (Performance Health Check)

A benchmarking process involving athlete profiling, retention rates, and development curriculum effectiveness at the performance foundation level.

AASE (Advanced Apprenticeship in Sporting Excellence)

A training route for athletes aged $16-19$ designed to support technical, tactical, physiological, and psychological aspects of sport.

BUCS

British Universities & Colleges Sport; the organization for high-quality competition between performance-level university teams.

Assistive Technology

Modern technology such as adapted prosthetics or wheelchair modifications used to increase inclusion in disability sports.