Logical Fallacies AP Seminar

Ad Hominem

Attacking the person rather than the argument

Strawman

Misrepresent someone’s argument to make it easier to attack

Gaslighting

Manipulating someone into doubting their own memory, perception, or reality

False Dilemma

Presented with two options even when there are more out there

Slippery Slope

Arguing one step will lead to a negative chain reaction

Circular Reasoning

The conclusion restates the premise

Hasty Generalization

Making a broad claim based on limited evidence

Red Herring

Introducing irrelevant information to distract from their issue

Appeal to Authority

Accepting a claim because person(s) of authority said so

Bandwagon

Claiming something is true because many people believe it

Post Hoc

Assuming one event caused another because it came first

Appeal to Emotion

manipulating someone’s feelings rather than using evidence or logical reasoning

Tu Quoque

Responding to criticism by accusing the other of hypocrisy

False Equivalence

Treating two things the same when they are not

Burden of Proof

Shifting the responsibility to disprove a claim instead of proving it