Radioactive contamination 9

materials are released into

the environment as the result of

accident, an

event in nature, or an act of terrorism.

٠Radioactive contamination occurs when

when radioactive

material is deposited on or in an object or a person.

Where released radioactive into environment

can cause air, water, surfaces, soil, plants, buildings,

people, or animals to become contaminated.

contaminated person mean

.has radioactive materials on

or inside their body.

radiation

Radioactive materials give off a

form of energy that travels in

waves or particles. This energy

is called radiation

What is the different between the radiation exposure and contamination

person is exposed to

radiation, the energy

penetrates the body. For

example, when a person has an

X-ray, he or she is exposed to

radiation

occurs when radioactive

material is deposited on or in an object or a person Or radioactive

material is deposited on or in an object or a person

What is the type of contamination

External Contamination

Internal Contamination

What is the different between the internal and external contamination

Internal contamination occurs when

people swallow or breathe in

radioactive materials, or when

radioactive materials enter the body

through an open wound or are

absorbed through the skin.

External contamination occurs when radioactive material,

in the form of dust, powder, or liquid, comes into contact

with a person’s skin, hair, or clothing

Can body eliminated some type of radio active matériels

Other types are eliminated from the

body in blood, sweat, urine, and feces.

What is the type of internal contamination

Via respiratory tract

Via digestive tract:

Via radioactive dust in open wounds

Explain enteral contamination via rep. Tract

Via respiratory tract: When aerosol particles are

inhaled, those measuring <5 micrometers can reach the

alveoli, whereas larger particles will remain in proximal

airways

What happence of tiny particles of radioactive

In the lung

 Tiny particles can be absorbed by the lymphatic system or

the blood stream, or continue to irradiate locally until

exhaled, removed, or depleted of their radioactivity.

Via digestive tract explain

If swallowed, soluble radionuclides

may be absorbed in the upper tract, whereas insoluble

radioactive particles may affect the lower

gastrointestinal (GI) tract

Via radioactive dust in open wounds explain

Small radioactive

particles in open wounds may be absorbed into the body

via blood or lymphatic channels

How radio active is spread

Externally contaminated people can spread radioactive material to others or surfaces they touch.

• Internally contaminated people can expose others to radiation from inside their bodies.

• Body fluids (blood, sweat, urine) may contain radioactive materials

Howcan limit contaminates

Get out of the immediate area quickly. Go inside the nearest safe

building.

Remove the outer layer of your clothing to decrease the risk of

internal contamination.

Place the clothing in a plastic bag or leave it in an out-of-the-way

area, such as the corner of a room.

Wash all of the exposed parts of your body using lots of soap and

lukewarm water to remove contamination.

Avoid spreading contamination to parts of the body that may not be

contaminated, such as areas that were clothed.

Authorities determine that internal contamination may have

occurred, you may be able to take medication to reduce the

radioactive material in your body

Howto diagnose contamination,person

External contamination

 an appropriate radiation survey meter continues to

identify significant residual radioactivity, suspect internal

contamination.

2) Internal contamination

 Swab each nostril separately to help estimate level of

internal (lung) contamination

 Collect ≥70 mL spot urine sample for isotope measurement

 Consider total body radiation survey with modified hospital

nuclear medicine equipment.

Howto store und dispose of radioactive weste

Separate all wastes by isotope and physical form.

Designate a specific location for the storage of radioactive waste. (use

label and shielding)

Attach a completed hazardous waste tag to each container in the

radioactive waste storage area.

Keep containers closed, except when material is being added.

Request hazardous waste collection when you're ready for a waste pick