A&P CH 10-Msucles of the extremities

What thoracic muscles of the scapula does lateral rotation involve?

trapezius (superior part) and serratus anterior

what thoracic muscles of the scapula do medial rotation?

levator scapulae, rhomboid major and minor

what thoracic muscles of the scapula do elevation?

levator scapulae, trapezius (superior part), rhomboid major and minor

what thoracic muscles of the scapula do depression?

trapezius (inferior part) and serratus anterior

what thoracic muscles of the scapula do retraction?

rhomboid major and minor and the trapezius

what muscles of the scapula do protraction?

pectoralis minor and serratus anterior

What are the anterior scapular muscles?

Pectoralis Minor and Serratus Anterior.

Serratus Anterior

• ribs 1-9 to medial border of scapula

• abducts and rotates or depresses scapula

• "throwing muscle “boxer’s muscle”

pectoralis minor

• ribs 3-5 to coracoid process of scapula

• protracts and depresses scapula

• lifts ribs during forced expiration

What are the primary posterior scapular muscles?

Trapezius (superficial), Rhomboids, and Levator Scapulae (deep)

What actions does the Trapezius perform?

Rotates, retracts, and depresses the scapula.

What are the functions of the Rhomboids and levator scapulae?

Elevate the scapula.

What is the role of the serratus anterior?

depresses scapula

where is rhomboideus minor found?

medial border of scapula to C7-T1

where is the rhomboideus major found?

T2-T8

where is levator scapulae found?

from superior angle of scapula to C1-C4

What muscles are considered prime movers for the humerus?

Pectoralis Major and Latissimus Dorsi.

What is the primary function of the Deltoid muscle?

Flexion, extension, and abduction of the humerus.

• prime mover

what does the coracobrachialis do?

assists in flexion

what does the teres major do?

assists in extension

What are the rotator cuff muscles?

Supraspinatus (works with deltoid), Infraspinatus (modulates action of deltoid), Teres Minor (fixator), and Subscapularis (fixator).

What muscles are the principal flexors acting on the elbow?

biceps brachii (inserts on radius) and brachialis (inserts on ulna)

• Both do flexion and pronation

What muscles is the synergistic flexor acting on the elbow?

brachioradialis

Which muscle is the prime extensor of the elbow?

Triceps Brachii (inserts onto ulna)

What muscles are involved in supination?

Supinator muscle.

• palm faces anteriorly

What muscles are involved in pronation?

Pronator Teres and Pronator Quadratus.

• palm faces posteriorly

what do the muscles of the anterior forearm do?

flex/extend wrist and fingers, adduct/abduct wrist

• flexor carpi ulnaris/radialis, palmaris longus, and flexor digitorum superficialis

where does the digitorum (anterior forearm muscle) insert?

inserts onto finger

where does the carpi (anterior forearm muscle) insert?

inserts onto carpal bones 

Where does the pollicis (anterior forearm muscle) insert?

inserts into thumb

what do the muscles of the posterior forearm do?

extension of wrist and fingers, adduct/abduct wrist

• extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, and extensor digitorum

What is Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?

A condition caused by repetitive motions leading to inflammation and pressure on the median nerve.

illiopsoas muscle (anterior muscle acting on hip)

• crosses anterior surface of hip joint and inserts on femur

• illiacus portion arises from illiac fossa

• psoas portion arises from lumbar vertebrae

• major hip flexor

What is the primary function of the Gluteus Maximus?

Prime hip extensor; provides lift when climbing stairs.

• forms mass of the buttock

what does the gluteus medius do?

helps rotate the thigh

what muscles are apart of the iliotibial tract?

gluteus maximus and tensor fascia latae

What are the hamstring muscles?

Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, and Biceps Femoris.

• They are leg flexors that also flex the knee and rotate the tibia

• 3 muslces, 4 bellies (biceps femoris has a long head and short head)

how many muscles act as adductors of the hip joint?

5 muscle

Which muscle acts as the hip joint extensor?

Adductor Magnus

which muscle is the flexor of the knee?

gracilis

which muscles adduct the femur?

pectineus, adductor brevis and adductor longus

What is the function of the Quadriceps?

It is a 4-headed muscle that attaches to the tibial tuberosity. It extends the knee joint; rectus femoris also flexes the hip joint (arises from ilium)

what does the quadriceps femoris tendon attach to?

the patella

what does the patella ligament attach to?

the tibia

What are the superficial plantar flexors of the leg?

1. Gastrocnemius: flexes knee and plantar flexes ankle

2. , Soleus: plantar flexes ankle

3. Plantaris: stabilizes tibia

what are the deep plantar flexors of the leg?

tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor hallucis longus

• they are all plantar flexors

What is the role of the Popliteus muscle?

Unlocks the knee joint for knee flexion.