An Era of Social Change

Gloria Steinem

A feminist leader known for her advocacy for women's rights.

Phyllis Schlafly

A conservative activist known for her opposition to the Equal Rights Amendment.

Cesar Chavez

A labor leader who advocated for the rights of Latino and migrant workers.

Betty Friedan

An author whose book, The Feminine Mystique, served as a catalyst for the women's movement.

Andy Warhol

An influential artist known for his contributions to the pop art movement.

Marlon Brando

An actor who won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of a mob boss in The Godfather.

Bob Dylan

A musician known for his impact on the cultural and social movements of the 1960s.

Rachel Carson

An environmental activist who wrote The Silent Spring, raising awareness of environmental issues.

EPA

Environmental Protection Agency, established to protect human health and the environment.

Dee Brown

An author known for his works on Native American history.

Dolores Huerta

A labor leader and civil rights activist who co-founded the United Farm Workers.

Billie Jean King

A feminist leader who played a famous tennis match against Bobby Riggs, proving that 'women can compete with men.'

Wounded Knee

The site of a significant event in Native American history involving a protest in South Dakota.

Occupation of Alcatraz

A protest by Native Americans to reclaim the island and highlight issues facing their communities.

A.I.M.

American Indian Movement, an organization that advocated for Native American rights and land reclamation.

ERA

Equal Rights Amendment, a proposed amendment to guarantee equal rights for all citizens regardless of sex.

N.O.W.

National Organization for Women, an organization aimed at advocating for women's rights.

Feminism

The belief in social, economic, and political equality of the sexes.

Roe v. Wade

A landmark Supreme Court decision that legalized abortion in the United States.

Glass Ceiling

An invisible barrier that prevents women and minorities from advancing in their careers.

Gender Wage Gap

The difference in earnings between men and women in the workforce.

Counterculture Movement

A social movement in the 1960s that rejected conventional social norms.

Hippie Movement

A cultural movement that sought peace, love, and communal living, often associated with music and anti-war protests.

Woodstock

A famous music festival in 1969 that became a symbol of the counterculture movement.

Oscar Refusal

He famously refused his Oscar on national television to bring awareness to issues faced by Native Americans.

Gloria Steinem

Women's Rights leader who helped form the National Women's Political Caucus, whose goal was to get women elected into public office and political positions.

Ms. Magazine

Started by Gloria Steinem, it was the first magazine that focused on women as the primary readers.

The Feminine Mystique

A book written by Betty Friedan that questioned traditional women's roles in America and provided groundwork for the Women's movement of the 1970s.

NOW (National Organization for Women)

An organization whose goals were to advance the causes of women and fought for equal pay, equal opportunity in education, and equal respect for women.

Bob Dylan

Singer/songwriter who used music to spread an anti-war message and became one of the pioneers of what is now called 'protest music'.

Andy Warhol

Artist who was representative of the counter-culture movement based on his non-conventional artistic style, that defied what art even was.

De Facto Segregation

Segregation due to people's attitudes.

De Jour Segregation

Segregation due to written laws.

Cesar Chavez

Helped organize the boycott of California Grapes to draw attention to, and fight (non-violently) for the rights of migrant workers. Founder of the UFW (United Farm Workers).

Roe v. Wade

(1973) Supreme Court case that said a women's right to have an abortion, in the first tri-mester, was protected under Constitutional/Federal law.

WOODSTOCK

A free concert that happened in upstate New York, where hippies and members of the young generation met to celebrate 3 days of peace, music, and have a mind-altering experience.

Generation Gap

A divide that was created between the Baby Boomer generation and their kids, mostly due to changing values and young people challenging societal norms that had been in place since the post-WW2 decade.

Feminism

The belief that women should have economic, political, and social equality with men.

E.R.A. (Equal Rights Amendment)

An Amendment that passed in the Congress to guarantee FULL equality for women. It failed to obtain enough support by the states to be ratified, and was never added to the Constitution.

Boycott

A method of protest where citizens refuse to shop at, or buy, a certain product with the hopes to put economic pressure on the 'oppressor' to make fundamental changes.

Trail of Broken Treaties

(1972) a march on Washington D.C., organized by the leaders of AIM to bring awareness to the issues faced by Native Americans, especially their desire to be given certain lands back that were 'stolen' from them.

E.P.A. (Environmental Protection Agency)

A federal 'watch-dog' agency whose purpose is to regulate and establish protected lands and ensure that industries are adhering to codes and policies that relate to the environment and conservation practices.

Counter-Culture

As the 1960s carried on, young people began to question authority and 'what society was telling them' in terms of how to live and behave.

Wounded Knee

(1973) in South Dakota where a standoff happened between members of A.I.M. and Federal agents.

A.I.M. (American Indian Movement)

This organization worked to try and restore lost lands to Native Americans, as well as provide them more autonomy on their reservation lands to govern themselves as they saw fit.

Hippies

American citizens who openly criticized and were against 'the establishment', which included corporate America, politicians, and traditional roles of men and women.