PWS 447 Exam 2: Orders and Families

Order Hyracoidea

hyraxes or dassies

name an order with 2 upper and 4 lower incisors

Hyracoidea

name an order whose hooves have soft elastic pads on each functional digit (3 out of 4 digits)

Hyracoidea

Order Proboscidea

elephants

name a graviportal order

Proboscidea

name an order whose upper incisors are ever-growing tusks

Proboscidea

name an order with no canines or lower incisors

Proboscidea

name an order with air cells in the skull to reduce weight and for muscle attachment

Proboscidea

Order Sirenia

dugong, manatees, sea cow

order of the only aquatic mammalian herbivore

Sirenia

name an order whose forelimbs are paddlelike and hindlimbs are vestigial in muscle; these limbs still have nails

Sirenia

order whose tail is an externally flattened fluke

Sirenia

Family Trichechidae

manatees

name a family with 1 species

Trichechidae

name a family with the only completely aquatic mammalian forms that are herbivorous

Trichechidae

this family lives off the coast of Florida

Trichechidae

Order Perissodactyla

horses, asses, zebras, tapirs, and rhinos

order of odd-toed ungulates

Perissodactyla

this order’s weight is borne on the middle digit

Perissodactyla

this order has no horn or antlers

Perissodactyla

this order has a diastema between front and cheek teeth

Perissodactyla

this order has a simple stomach

Perissodactyla

Family Equidae

feral horses and burros

this family contains two species introduced to North America

Equidae

this family’s teeth are adapted to wear from the high silica content in grass

Equidae

Order Artiodactyla

pigs, hippos, camels, deer, giraffe, cattle, bison, pronghorn, dolphins, and whales

order of even-toed ungulates

Artiodactyla

this order’s weight is borne on the third and fourth digits

Artiodactyla

this order can have a simple to complex stomach

Artiodactyla

this order’s molars and premolars are not as massive as in the order of odd-toed ungulates

Artiodactyla

Family Suidae

feral hogs/wild boar

this family contains 1 introduced species

Suidae

this family’s tusks come from its upper canines and has no horns/antlers

Suidae

Family Tayassuidae

javelinas or peccaries

this family has 1 species

Tayassuidae & Antilocapridae

this family is smaller than suids

Tayassuidae

this family is omnivorous but more herbivorous than suids

Tayassuidae

this family has tusks but no horns/antlers

Tayassuidae

Family Cervidae

wapati, deer, moose, caribou

this family has 4 genera and 8 species, 3 of which are introduced

Cervidae

this family sheds their antlers annually

Cervidae

this family is herbivorous but browses more than grazes

Cervidae

this family may form large migratory herds during certain times of year and is economically important

Cervidae

Family Bovidae

bison, mountain goat, muskox, mountain sheep

this family contains 5 genera and 6 species, one of which is introduced

Bovidae

this family has permanent horns

Bovidae

this family is herbivorous and mostly grazers

Bovidae

Family Antilocapridae

pronghorn

this family evolved in and is endemic to North America

Antilocapridae

this family’s horns branch and shed their keratin sheath annually

Antilocapridae

this family is the fastest of the cursorial mammals in North America

Antilocapridae

Suborder Whippimorpha

hippos, whales, dolphins, porpoises, and narwhals

this suborder is aquatic and has fusiform bodies

Whippimorpha

this suborder has paddle-shaped limb elements and absent hindlimbs with a vestigial pelvic girdle

Whippimorpha

Parvorder Mysticeti

baleen whales

name a parvorder with 2 external narial openings on top of head

Mysticeti

this parvorder has baleen in place of teeth

Mysticeti

this parvorder is planktivorous and does not echolocate

Mysticeti

Parvorder Odontoceti

toothed whales

name a parvorder with a single narial opening on top of head

Odontoceti

this parvorder has teeth and echolocation

Odontoceti

Family Balaenopteridae

blue whale, humpback whale, minke whale

this family contains the largest whales

Balaenopteridae

Family Delphinidae

dolphins and orca

this family has a wave-shaped dorsal fin

Delphinidae

Phocoenidae

porpoises

this family has a triangular-shaped dorsal fin

Phocoenidae

Order Cingulata

armadillos (22 species)

this order has no incisors or canines, and its cheek teeth are rudimentary or absent

Cingulata and Pilosa

this order has no enamel on teeth

Cingulata and Pilosa

this order has extra articulation on lumbar vertebrae to strengthen the lumbar region

Cingulata and Pilosa

Family Dasypodidae

armadillos (1 species)

this family has a horny epidermis over bony plates

Dasypodidae

this family produces identical quadruplets

Dasypodidae

name a homodont family

Dasypodidae

Order Pilosa

sloths and American anteaters

Order Pholidota

pangolins or scaly anteaters

this order has horny scales on its neck, back, and tail, and rolls into a ball for self-defense

Pholidota

this order is terrestrial and fossorial, and has strong limbs and large claws

Pholidota and Tubulidentata

adults of this order do not have teeth

Pholidota

this order has a muscular stomach and swallows pebbles to grind food

Pholidota

Order Tubulidentata

aardvark (1 species)

this order has 20 cheek teeth, all remaining in gums

Tubulidentata

the only eutherian order with a single species

Tubulidentata

the teeth of this order are columnar, with dentine surrounding the pulp

Tubulidentata

this order is known for its large burrow systems in the Ethiopian region

Tubulidentata

Order Rodentia

rats, mice, squirrels, beaver, porcupine, etc.

2655 species

the most common order of mammals, with 31 families

Rodentia

the members of this order can be terrestrial, amphibious, fossorial, arboreal, saltatorial, or glissant

Rodentia

this order has a skull shape and complex skull musculature for gnawing

Rodentia

this order has 2 upper and 2 lower chisel-like incisors that grow continuously and only have enamel on the front

Rodentia

this order has a long diastema between its incisors and cheek teeth; no canines

Rodentia

Family Aplodontidae

mountain beaver

1 species

this family contains the most primitive living rodent

Aplodontidae

this family does the thing with the hay piles in the sun

Aplodontidae and Ochotonidae

Family Erethizontidae

porcupine

1 species

this family has quills

Erethizontidae

Family Cricetidae

mice, rats, voles, lemmings, muskrats

70+ species

this family exhibits herbivory, granivory, and insectivory

Cricetidae

some species in this family exhibit 3-4 year population cycles

Cricetidae