Structure of the Criminal Courts week 8

This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary related to the structure and operation of the criminal courts in Canada, including concepts, types of courts, legal processes, and aspects of judicial ethics.

Judicial Independence

The principle that the judiciary should be independent from other branches of government.

Provincial Court

The lowest level of courts in the Canadian criminal justice system where most criminal cases begin and end.

Superior Court

A higher court in the provincial court system that can handle more serious criminal cases, often including juries.

Problem-Solving Courts

Specialized courts designed to address underlying issues through treatment and rehabilitation rather than punishment.

Gladue Courts

Courts in Canada that focus on alternative sentences for Indigenous offenders.

Case Backlog

A situation where the number of cases exceeds the capacity of the courts to handle them in a timely manner.

R v Jordan

A landmark Supreme Court case establishing a framework for determining unreasonable trial delays.

Crown Counsel

The lawyer representing the state or government in criminal cases.

Judicial Ethics

Standards governing the conduct and integrity of judges in their role as judges.

Indigenous Peoples' Court

A court that operates with a focus on the cultural needs and perspectives of Indigenous peoples.

Therapeutic Justice

An approach in problem-solving courts that emphasizes healing and rehabilitation.

Summary Conviction Offences

Less serious criminal offences that can be tried quickly without a jury.

Indictable Offences

More serious criminal offences that carry heavier penalties and the option for a jury trial.

Judicial Accountability

The requirement that judges are held responsible for their actions and decisions.

Courtroom Workgroup

A collaborative group of legal professionals including judges, defense attorneys, and prosecutors who work together in the courtroom.

Provincial Appellate Courts

Courts that hear appeals from decisions made by provincial/territorial courts.