hypersensitivity and precip

hypersensitivity

adverse effects of immune syst that can result in illness

IgE

Type I hypersensitivity rxn mediated by …

immediate

Type I hypersensitivity rxn is also known as … hypersensitivity

local

type of anaphylaxis

-hay fever symptoms

-hives

systemic

type of anaphylaxis

-smooth muscle contraction

-dec BP

-organ failure

-death if untreated

dec

BP is inc/dec in Type I hypersensitivity rxns

Type I

hypersensitivity rxn caused by rxn to insect venoms, dander, pollen, peanuts, etc

vasopressors

treatment for Type I hypersensitivity rxn that inc BP

theophylline

bronchodilator used to treat asthma

antihistamine

administered in Type I hypersensitivity to neutralize histamine granules

basos, mast cells

cell types involved in Type I hypersensitivity rxns

histamine, heparine

released from baso and mast cell granules with 2 IgEs binding to antigen/allergen

sensitization

first exposure to allergen/antigen primes basos and mast cells to recognize allergen and cause response

effector

occurs after first exposure to allergen

-allergic response occurs

atopy

hypersensitivity rxn with genetic predisposition

-75% likely to have an allergy if both parents have allergies

extrinsic

asthma due to allergens is extrinsic/intrinsic

intrinsic

asthma due to stress, exercise, weather, infections, pollution is extrinsic/intrinsic

mast cells

cells involved in type I hypersensitivity rxn found in tissue

basos

cells involved in type I hypersensitivity rxn found in bloodstream

total IgE, ImmunoCAP, skin

testing done for type I hypersensitivity

IgG, IgM

Ab involved in type II hypersensitivity rxns

cytotoxic

type II hypersensitivity response is …

complement (classic)

activated in type II hypersensitivity rxn by IgG or IgM

unconjugated

bilirubin type elevated in hemolytic rxns

HTN/HDFN, drugs, AIHA

type II hypersensitivity rxns

immune complexes

activate complement in type III hypersensitivity rxns

type II

hypersensitivity rxn involves complement activation by IgG or IgM

IgG

primary Ab involved in type III hypersensitivity rxns

type III

immune complex hypersensitivity

-soluble Ag and Ab form precipitate that deposits in tissue and causes inflamm

-Ab to drug, microorg, or self

acute glomerulonephritis, SLE, RA

types of type III hypersensitivity rxns

RA

type III hypersensitivity involves IgM Ab binding IgG

breastfeeding, exposure

help prevent allergies

T cells

mediate type IV hypersensitivity rxns

delayed

type IV hypersensitivity rxns are immediate/delayed

immediate

type I hypersensitivity rxns are immediate/delayed

contact dermatitis, TB skin test, poison ivy

examples of type IV hypersensitivity rxns

precipitation

soluble Ag + soluble Ab join and fall out of solution

ouchterlony

double-diffusion to determine Ab in patient serum

identity

good Ab match to Ag in middle well in ouchterlony

-sharp angle, Ag/Ab movement stops

partial identity

some reactivity of Ab to Ag from middle well in ouchterlony

-lines touch, but some of front continues moving “Y”

non identity

no reactivity of Ab to Ag from middle well in ouchterlony

-lines cross “X”

double

ouchterlony is single/double diffusion

single

radial immunodiffusion is single/double diffusion

radial immunodiffusion

quantitative analysis of Ag in serum

-Ab in gel, patient Ag added to well

-ring diameter proportional to Ag concentration in sample

Aspergillus

-fungal infection in lungs

-utilizes radial immunodiffusion test (Ag-Ab complex, Type III)

Ag

radial immunodiffusion tests for Ab/Ag in patient serum

Ab

ouchterlony tests for Ab/Ag in patient serum