Oregon State Comm 218 Midterm Terms

interpersonal communication

-communication exchange between two people

- develop a relationship: exchange of information where both send/recieve, mutual influence

intrapersonal

-communication within yourself

impersonal

-treating a human being like an object

-no general interest in the person/conversation, being kind of rude

Relational dimension

connection between the sender/reciever

dyad

interaction between two people

Rules of communication

-irreversible(can't take back any interaction)

-inescapeble( you are constantly sending/recieving message just by your existence)

- complicated

Self esteem

-how you view yourself/value to society

-changes frequently(more day to day)

Self concept

-subjective idea of yourself

-your belifs,attitudes,values (more long term)

spirtual self

belifs(ex:karma, religion, mantra's etc. what you live by)

social self

Family, friends, relationships

material self

tangible itmes

Maslow's 4 levels of self awareness

unconcious, imcompentent

conscious, incompentent

concious, compentent

unconcious, compentent

Self Fulling Prophecy

-believe something will happen so your behaviors will be more geared toward making it happen

ex: horoscopes

Self-monitoring

understanding the situation and changing your behavior to adjust ( like a "filter") /being aware of the situation

social penetration model

- illustrates self disclosure

-includes:

breadth( topics)

depth(how much it is disscused)

dyadic effect

-when you share information with someone it is likely they will share similar and just as in depth information

Rule of reciprocation

-applies to interaction

-when someone does something or gives you something, you feeel obligated to give back

Identity management

your manner, apperance and setting influence affect how other's view you

ex: only posting your best pictures on social media

reflected apprasial

the theory that your self-concept matches the way the you believe others view you

johari window

a model that describes the relationship between self disclosure adn self-awareness

presenting self

the image we present to other's, the way we want them to view us

culture

a learned system of values, traditon, beliefs, applied to a group of people adn geogrpahic location

race

"human race"- one category

racial characteristics: eye color, sking color, hair color

ethnicity

geographic origin of family

enculturation

learned system thats applied/ shared from generation to generation

Acculturation

Acquiring new knowledge, beliefs, implementing new system

Prejudice

prejudice- prejudge

-thought process of judgement

ethnocentrisim

-that your culture/ethinicity is superior to others

- think ethno sounds like ego

discrimination

-more of an action than a thought

-unfair/inapropriate treatment connected to one's identity (social)

sterotyping

-it's part of our nature, we do it without thinking

-"file cabinetns" in your brain to organize info anytime you do something

- the nature of humans to "simplify and categorize"

Uncertainty avoidance

-High tolerance: flexible, no expectation

-Low tolerance: set expectations, not open to change

* The US has more of a low tolerance

Individualism

*Primarily in the US

ex: team sports- only a few will get recognition

employee of the month etc

-In the famiy setting it is normal to branch off at 18 and start your own life

Collectivism

* vast majority of the world

- normal for families to live together for a long time

-everyone plays a role

Masuline culture

-culture that focues on tradition, heroism, activities, your roll/job in society and income

ex: LA all about what you have, what you do

feminine culture

culture that focuses on/values relationships, emotional well- being, talking, nurturing,quality of life, helping less fortunate

High context

verbal and non verbal interaction

- dont need to say something to someone everytime

Low context

relies heavily on verbal interactions

preception/steps of preception

-selection( the five senses)

-organization("files")

-interpretation( assigning meaning to sense data)

-negotation(narrative)

* constructed through your own expriences

impressions

collection of information to understand and interpret someone's behavior

formation

based on past expriences- pull signiificant information

impression formation theory

-average person forms impression of someone quickly and will be reluctant to let go of that first impression- ignoring new information

Primacy

first information recieved is the most significant

Recency

Most recent information is the most significant

Halo effect

most postive characteristic dominates all other characteristics

* physical apperance is the most powerful

Horn effect

negative attributes apply only becasue you dont like the person or thing

attribution

trying to attach a meaning to a behavior

*accuracy is not a concern, just coming to a conclusion

Causal Attribution theory

-circumstance

-incentive

-character

*used in the court of law/jail sentences

Neagivtivty Bias

-negative traits affect our impressions more than positive

-even when there are more positive traits we are likely to remeber the negative more

* news coverage use negative bias to attract viewers

Language

-transfer of communication

-visual device/symbol that helps transfer language

ex:alaphabet

denotive defintion

dictionary defintion

connotative defintion

defintion contructed by cultural/experience based

language culture

-language is used differntly in differnt places

*even just in the US, language is used differntly in oregon than in the east coast

concrete

describing things using the 5 senses

abstract

-when you describe something by how you think it looks using your expriences/ "file cabinets"

-we all wil have a differnt view

saphir-wharf hypothesis

-went to a village and studied language patterns

-speech impediments and suttering were not present therfore there was no word/description for it in the language

*the idea that if the behavior is not present there will be no word associated with it

bypassing

-confusion casused by the same words( one word can be used many ways-slang)

-500 words=14000 defintions

convergance

-ability to adapt language style

ex: work vs when with friends vs home etc.

your "script"

bias language

assuming

-sexual oreientation/relationships

-gender/gender roles and expectations

-ethnicty

-age

-class

can be offensive and have a negative connotation

asynchronous communication

there is a time gap between the time the message that was sent and the time the message was received

channel

the medium through which messages are exchanged

cognitive complexity

the ability to construct a variety of different frameworks for viewing an issue

communication

using messages to generate meanings

communication apprehension

feelings of anxiety that arise in unfamiliar or difficult communication contexts

communication competence

behavior that gets the message across effectively and appropriately

content dimension

involves the information being explicitly discussed

disinhibition

the tendency to to transit messages without considering their consequences

environment

fields of experience that help make sense of others' behaviors

feedback

people send messages to receivers who responded with verbal or nonverbal feedback that indicates a response to the previous message

hyperpersonal communication

accelerating the discussion of personal topics and relational development beyond what normally happens in face to face interaction (like online chat rooms)

leanness

messages that carry less information due to lack of nonverbal ques

noise

anything that interferes with the transmission and reception of a message

rational dimension

express how you feel about the other person: whether you like or dislike the other person, feel in control or subordinate, feel comfortable or anxious, and so on.

richness

nonverbal cues that add clarity to a verbal message

self monitoring

process of paying close attention to ones own behavior and using the observations to shape the way one behaves

synchronous communication

is two way and occurs in real time

transactional

communication is a dynamic process that the participants create through their interaction with one another

achievement culture

societies that place a high value on material success and focus on the task at hand

co-culture

the perception of membership in a group that is part of an encompassing culture

In-group

groups that we identify with

intercultural communication

members of two or more cultures exchange messages in a manner that is influenced by their different cultural perceptions and symbol systems

nurturing culture

cultures that regard the support from relationships as an especially important goal

oganizational culture

are a relatively stable, shared set of rules about how to behave and set values about what is important

out-group

those that we view as different

powerdistance

the degree to which members of society accept an unequal distribution of power

salience

how much weight we attach to a particular person or phenomenon

social identity

the part of the self concept that is based on membership in groups

uncertainty avoidance

the degree to which members of a culture feel threatened by ambiguous situations and how much they try to avoid them

benevolent lie

not a malicious lie, a lie to help them

equivocation

statements that are not literally false, but cleverly avoid an unpleasant truth

face

socially approved identity

facework

verbal and nonverbal ways in which we act to maintain our own presenting image and the images of others

impression management

the communication strategies people use to influence how others may view them

lie

a deliberate attempt to hide the truth

perceived self

the person you believe yourself to be in moments of honest self-examination

privacy management

the choices people make to reveal or conceal information about themselves

reference groups

those people against whom we evaluate our own characteristics

self disclosure

1)has the self as subject 2)is intentional 3) is directed at another person 4)is honest 5) is revealing 6) contains information generally unavailable from other sources 7)gains much of its intimate nature from the context in which it is expressed

significant other

a person who evaluations are especially influential

social comparison

evaluating ourselves in terms of how we compare with others

confirmation bias

once we form our first impression we tend to seek out and organize our impressions to support that opinion