How are amounts of chemicals in solution measured

Quantitative analysis

Used to make measurements snd calculations to show amounts of each component in a sample

Qualitative analysis

Used to identify the components of sample

1dm^3=

1000cm^3

Concentration equation

mass of solute/volume of solution

Concentration equation for a solution in mol/dm^3

number of moles / volume

Neutralisation

Acid p+alkali—>salt+water

Salt produced up by neutralisation

1st part of name = metal cam from

2nd part of name= acid it came from

Acids and water form

H+ ions

Ionic equation for neutralisation

H+(aq) + OH-(aq) --> H2O(l)

Titration

Measuring the volumes of acid and alkali reacting with each other

Titration method

-add acid to Burnett using funnel, record volume in Burette

-add known volume of alkali to conical flask and add indicator

-place conical flask on white tile

-add acid to alkali until u reach end point

-calculate how much acid has been added

-repeat until you get concordant titres

Quality of data from titrations

More repetition=more accuracy

How to calculate relationship between volume of known concentration substance and volume or conc of another substance

Calculate moles

Calculate mole ratio of acid to alkali

Work out how many moles of alkali you have

Calculate concentration of alkali