World War 1

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Who killed the Archduke Franz Ferdinand on June 28, 1914?

Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian Nationalist

Schlieffen Plan

Germany was to quickly capture France in the west and then go to attack Russia in the east. This plan ultimately failed.

Woodrow Wilson

28th President of the U.S.
Proposed the 14- point plan

Wanted peace for all nations

Georges Clemenceau

Prime Minister representing France in the Big Four.

What was the Big Four?

A group of representatives that were to create a treaty or agreement to end the war.

Who was in the Big Four?

The U.S, France, Great Britain, Italy

What are machine guns?

Fully automatic weapons that could fire 450-600 rounds per minute.

How were submarines used?

They could transport people quietly through the water and shoot torpedoes at the opposing side.

Trenches

Long, narrow ditches used to house, protect, and aid soldiers.

War Guilt Clause

Made up of 440 clauses

414 clauses were blaming Germany for the war.

Rations

A set amount of an item for everybody.

Total War

War that is unrestricted in the weapons used, territory fough

Armistice

An agreement to temporarily stop fighting.

Stalemate

A situation in which it is impossible to continue.

Trench Foot

A cold injury in the foot from being exposed to moisture.

Versailles Treaty

A formal treaty that ended ww1 written by the Big Four.

Self-Determination

Being able to decide which government oyu live under

Who was in the Triple Entente?

Great Britain, France, and Russia

Who was in the Triple Alliance?

Austria-Hungary, Germany, The Ottoman Empire, and Italy.

What does MAIN stand for?

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism

What is militarism?

The belief that a nation should maintain a strong defense.

What are alliances?

A mutual agreement between countries to defend each other.

What is imperialism?

The belief that a nation needs to conquer other nations to become stronger.

What is nationalism?

A strong loyalty to one’s nation, beyond patriotism.

Zimmerman Telegram

Sent by Germany to Mexico in order to form an alliance and sabotage the U.S Mexico declined. Germany hoped this alliance would slow down the shipment of resources to the U.S

League of Nations

A group created by Woodrow Wilson to hopefully resolve international disputes

David Lloyd George

Represented Great Britain in the Big Four.

Powder Keg of Europe

Used to describe the Balkan peninsula during WW1. Many different ethnic groups opposed being under Austrian rule.

Mustard Gas

Poisonous substance that could cause blindness, and breathing problems. It is considered a war crime if used.

Armistice

A temporary agreement to stop fighting.

Black Hand Organization

A secret military society based in Serbia. They were responsible for the death of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Propaganda

Media created to sway opinions

Battle of Ypres

-Western Front/Belgium  

         - first use of chlorine gas 

         -Part of the "Race to the Sea"

         -Allied Powers Win

-Passchendaele- “Battle of mud”

Battle of Gallipoli

-Ottoman Empires, Germany, Britain (Australia and New Zealand) 

-Churchill Blunder

-Central Powers Win

-Purpose was for the Allied Powers to get Russia supplies and open up a line between the allies 

-British navy failed to get through the Dardanelles Strait (showed British navy wasn’t unstoppable) 

-Disease spread 

-almost ruined Churchill’s future  political career-he went back and fought on the western front

Battle of Verdun

-Western Front/France

- One of the bloodiest battles of the war

- city was important to the french-fortress that had been guarded-Franco-Prussian War-would have been a morale blow if the Allies had lost 

-Germans purposely committed war of attrition- "bleed France white" 

- Allied Powers win

-first battle with flame throwers

-longest battle of WWI

-one road kept the Allies alive 

Battle of Somme

-Western Front/France

-bloodiest day in British army history

- helped alleviate pressure on the French at Verdun

-caused the German line to be spread too thin

-considered a turning point

- 1st battle where tanks are used

-Hitler wounded

-British prime minister's son died 

- "pal battalions"-soldiers at this battle were mainly volunteers- allowed friends and daily to serve together-proved to be devastating to communities 

-gave British army experience "needed" to help with future battles

2nd Battle of the Marne