Section 17.4 Domains and Kingdoms Practice Flashcards

This flashcard set covers the historical progression of the kingdom system, Carl Woese's impact on the tree of life, and the characteristics of the three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

Why is biological classification considered a 'work in progress'?

New findings and scientific research lead scientists to change how they classify certain organisms based on evolutionary relationships.

What were the original two kingdoms named by Linnaeus in 1753?

Animalia and Plantae.

What kingdom was proposed by Ernst Haeckel in 1866 for all single-celled organisms?

Protista.

Which kingdom was introduced by Herbert Copeland in 1938 for prokaryotes?

Monera.

Why did Robert Whittaker propose that Fungi be placed in their own kingdom in 1959?

Because of how they feed, which set them apart from plants.

What did Carl Woese's rRNA research reveal in 1977 regarding prokaryotes?

He revealed two genetically different groups of prokaryotes, leading to the split of Kingdom Monera into Bacteria and Archaea.

Name the three domains in the current tree of life.

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

Which criteria are commonly used to classify organisms in the domain Bacteria?

Shape, need for oxygen, and whether they cause disease.

What is a distinguishing physical characteristic of the domain Archaea?

Their cell walls are chemically different from bacteria.

What type of environments are members of the domain Archaea known for inhabiting?

Extreme environments such as deep sea vents, hot springs, and salt lakes.

What are the core characteristics of cells in the domain Eukarya?

They have a distinct nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Which four kingdoms are included in the domain Eukarya?

Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia.

Why is it difficult to classify bacteria and archaea down to the species level?

Many of these organisms transfer genes among themselves outside of typical reproduction.

How did Woese's research compare the genetic differences between bacteria and archaea to those between plants and animals?

He found that bacteria and archaea are actually more different from each other than animals, plants, fungi, and protists are from each other.

What kingdom is contained within the domain Bacteria?

Kingdom Bacteria.

What kingdom is contained within the domain Archaea?

Kingdom Archaea.