APUSH Period 1 Review

Review for midterm.

Exploration

• Driven by 3 gs (Gold, God, Glory)

• New advancements in navigation and shipbuilding

• Motivated by political, economic, and religious factors

• Spanish conquistadors and Christopher Columbus

Encomienda

• Spanish labor system (like slavery)

• gave conquerors the right to use indigenous labor as a way to “reward” or “protect” the natives

• Key factor in Spanish colonization of Americas

• Farmers forced to pay tributes

• Christianity was taught to natives

Mestizo

• Spanish term to describe a person of Spanish and indigenous ancestry (mixed)

• Caste system: strict social hierarchy

Maize Culture

• Maize (corn) had a huge influence on the history, spirituality, society, and agriculture of many native groups

• Led to larger, more stable food supplies and increased populations

• Maize often considered sacred or symbolic

• Pueblo

Pueblo

• Native American group in the Southwest

• Society based on agriculture and maize culture

Gold God Glory

• Primary motivations for European exploration and colonization

• Gold: economic desire for wealth (precious metals and trade routes)

• God: drive to spread Christianity

• Glory: personal fame and national prestige

Columbian Exchange

• Wide ranging transfer of plants, animals, people, and diseases

• Between Americas, Europe, and Africa

Small Pox

• Catastrophic disease

• Brought by European settlers

• Decimated native populations

Spanish Mission System

• Tool for colonization that aimed to convert indigenous people to Catholicism

• Goal: religious conversion

• Used indigenous labor but not as much as encomienda

Pope Rebellion/Pueblo Revolt

Moctezuma

Aztec

Cortes

Florentine Codex