Identity: The Self, Gender, and Moral Development

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on identity, self-concept, self-esteem, gender identity, ethnic identity, and moral development.

What is the emergence of self-awareness in infants characterized by?

The recognition of self as distinct, demonstrated by differential responses to self-touch versus external touch.

What test is used to evaluate an infant's self-recognition?

The Mirror Self-Recognition Test, where a mark is placed on a child's face to see if they recognize it in the mirror.

What major stage of development occurs during adolescence according to Erikson?

Erikson's 'identity versus role confusion', where adolescents work to figure out who they are.

What is self-esteem?

How people feel about characteristics they associate with themselves.

What is the difference between global self-esteem and specific self-esteem?

Global self-esteem refers to feelings about one's general self-worth, while specific self-esteem relates to feelings about particular traits or abilities.

How does self-esteem typically change during early adolescence?

Self-esteem commonly declines during early adolescence.

What is the definition of sex in the context of gender identity?

Sex refers to biological attributes such as chromosomes, hormones, and anatomical differences.

What does the Cognitive Developmental Theory suggest about gender identity?

Gender identity develops over three stages: Gender Identity (age 2), Gender Stability (age 3), and Gender Constancy (age 5).

What is the role of cultural learning in the Gender Schema Theory?

Children learn about gender from their society, shaping their self-concept in accordance with gender-related expectations.

What is ethnic identity?

A person's attitudes toward the racial and ethnic groups to which they feel they belong.

How does racism manifest according to the lecture?

Racism is learned discriminatory behaviors maintained by differential reinforcement.

What is the Behavior Analytic approach to moral development?

Moral development is viewed as a continuous process shaped by reinforcement, punishment, and imitation, with no distinct stages.

What are Kohlberg’s six stages of moral development focused on?

They outline the progression from pre-conventional morality based on punishment and reward, to conventional morality based on societal rules, and post-conventional morality based on universal principles.