horse production final

herd health 1-29 bedding 30-54 (quiz up to here) behavior 55-75 nutrition 76-

what is the saying with infectious and contagious diseases

all contagious disease are infections but not all infectious are diseases are contagious

what horses are less at risk for disease

closed herd horses

what horses are more risk of disease

open herd horses

reducing chance of spreading disease by

separating by age, function, inside vs outside horses

what is something to do daily to aid in monitoring for disease

daily temperature taking

what biosecurity should humans practice

hand washing

what can poor hoof care lead to

thrush

what is one of the most important tools to have on hand

thermometer

who’s phone number should always be visable

vets

common anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS)

banamine and bute

what is bute used for

relieve musculoskeletal issues and inflammation

forms bute can be in

injectable, paste, power, tablets

bute draw backs

unsafe for a long time periods

causes ulcers and kidneys

should you give a horse bute and banamine together

no

when would you give a horse bute

lameness and fever

what is the best colic drug

banamine

how do you administer banamine

IV, paste, and granules

how would you never give banamine

IM

how much stronger is banamine than bute

4x

first thing to do with wound care

start by cleaning it out with water

when would you put a horse on antibiotics for a wound

if it is on the lower part of a limb (below knee or hock) or eye

what is colic

abdominal pain that can be caused by many reasons

what are types of colic

impaction, sand colic (mineral stone), gas

signs of colic

flipping upper lip, pawing, attempting to roll, thrashing

do horses have a fever with colic

not very often

what do you do when you have a colicky horse

pull all food and water, keep the horse walking

only if severe, you can then treat the horse as well

how much banamine do you give a colicky horse

10cc

what sedative/tranq do you NEVR give a colicky horse

acepromazine

after banamine is given what can the horse not do

eat, because now it must pass manure as you committed to giving it a drug

issue with the disposal of manure

gets into our ground water

what aspects does good bedding have

absorbent, dust free, cushions, readily available, easy of cleaning, easy of disposal, unpalatable, affordable

purpose of a mat

provide padding and don’t have to use as much bedding

what is the thickness of a mat should be

1 inch

straw pros and cons

pros

• less expensive

• good drainage

• best for foaling stalls

• can stay very clean if cleaned regularly

cons

• horses might eat it

• not as absorbent

• can be difficult

• very challenging to clean

shaving/sawdust pro and cons

pros

• might be economical

• delivered in bulk easily

• absorbent

cons

• closure of sawmills means less availability

• can be dusty

• get into their eyes

what woods should be avoided for shavings

hard woods

sand bedding pros and cons

pros

• porous

• bags and or bulk

• can be used under other bedding

cons

• heavy to handle

• can cause sand colic

what top dressing that horses need on sand bedding

psyllium

paper bedding pros and cons

pros

• highly absorbent

• dust free

• not harmful to horse if eaten

• ink carbon tends to absorb and reduce odors

cons

• ink can transfer onto the horse

• can be expensive

• not good for spreading out on fields

what is the ink based with paper bedding

vegetable based

peat moss pros and cons

pros

• absorbent

• horses will not eat

• a little goes a long way

• found in bags at garden stores

cons

• dusty when dry

• not economical for more than just a few stalls

hay bedding pros and cons

pros

• horses can eat it and it wont cause impaction

• gives stalled horses more “grazing” time

• can free choice the bedding to other livestock (cattle)

cons

• very expensive

• horses can over eat becoming fat

other not common beddings

rice hulls, soybean hulls, peanut shells, hemp, processed pellets

what type of wood shavings should not be used (specific wood)

black walnut resulting in laminitis

how much waste per day does a horse produce

45 lbs per day

8 tons per year

very common disposal method

composting

composting

most common way

involves the breakdown of manure and bedding turning it into soil

downside: labor intensive to compost

how long does it take to compost a horse

5 months give or take

what are drawbacks of spreading

spreads weeds and parasites

why is it important to use a manure spreader

provides an even uniform spreading

issue with burning manure

often not allowed in areas

can smolders for days

hauling manure pro and con

least labor intestine but expensive

who uses manure if hauled

gardeners

how does findlay manage its waste

90% USED to go to organic farmer

it now goes to large composting operations (if contains shavings)

straw bedding is spread

what is equine behavior

actions or reactions of horses under a specified circumstances

value of a performance horse

horses behavioral response to both training and management

this can take time and money

basic behaviors of horses are

prey animals

have herd instincts and are natural followers

do everything based on survival

reactive behaviors of horses

extreme perceptive senses

heightened touch, smell, hearing, taste, vision

body language

vocalization

how can behavior be influenced

evolution, genetics, domestication, age, gender, environment, training

how do horses behave

in a manner designed to maximize survival and propagation of species

is there a pecking order that is established

yes, through fighting and conflict

can older horses lost their rank

yes

what kind of leader does a horse need

YOU as the owner to be leader more than a friend

what is self protective behavior in general

a horse attempting to protect themselves from elements such as wind and sun

for wind what will horses do

seek shelter and protection and put their butt to the wind

how do horses utilize the sun

cold - stand broad side to warm up in cold

hot - seek shelter/shade

what will horses do if predators are present

utilize their strong flight instinct. horses are designed for running

when do caregiving behaviors often start

at a young age

what is agonistic behavior

fighting between horses but they rarely kill each other

what is polyphasic

two or more periods of sleep

on average how much sleep do horses get

2 hrs of drowsy resting state

3 hrs of sleep

what is the stay apparatus

series of tendons that controls the leg to allow a horse to sleep standing up

what causes abnormal behaviors

behaviors seen due to confinement or isolation

what are some abnormal behaviors

weaving, cribbing, pawing, head nodding/shaking

does pressure last forever

no, and a horse needs to understand that it does not (pressure and release)

what type of digestions do horses do

hind-gut fermenters

when talking about how they eat food they are considered

trickle feeders

how long is a horses gut

about 100ft long

how do horses stomach compare to body size

they have a small stomach compared to body size (10% of the GIT)

small intestines of a horse is

30% of the GIT

cecum is how much of a horse is

15% (larger than stomach)

large intestines of a horse is

45%

senses of hay

leafiness, texture, color, odor

4 types of hay

alfalfa, timothy, orchard, bermuda costal

what is dry matter

everything else except water

why do animals eat

to satisfy their dry matter intake

at what moisture is hay most likely to mold

greater than 20%

what is crude protein

total nitrogen x 6.25

general indicator of forage quality (not protein quality)

what does the body require

amino acids - gained from protein

first limiting amino acid

lysine

what are acid detergent fibers (ADF)

cellulose and lignin

aids in also predicting digestibility

can you digest lignin

no zero digestibility

values of ADF meaning

low ADF high digestibility

>45 is not not digestible

what is neutral detergent fiber

hemicellulose cellulose and lignin

looking at total fiber (intake indicator)

NDF number meanings

Low NDF = high voluntary intake

>65 not desirable (animal can not eat enough to get the nutrients they need)

should be around a 45

15-35-45 rule

15 - CP

35 - ADF

45 - NDF

what are the non-digestible carbohydrates

water soluble and ethanol soluble

what do you want WSC and starch to be at or under

=<12

what do you want ESC + starch to be at or under

=<10

what is RFV

compare one forage to another on energy basis

calculated from ADF and NDF (not CP)