English H Finals - Curley

MLA Heading

Proper MLA heading includes Name, teacher, course, date.

In-text Citations

Use quotation marks around the cited text. End with author's name and page number(s).

Introduction Structure

The structure of an introduction includes Hook, Transition, TAG (title author genre), Summary, Thesis, Organizing statement.

Body Paragraph Structure

The structure of a body paragraph includes Topic sentence, EX 1 context, EX 1 quote, EX 1 significance/explanation, EX 1 analysis, Transition sentence between examples, EX 2 context, EX 2 quote, EX 2 significance/explanation, EX 2 analysis, Concluding sentence.

Conclusion Paragraph Structure

The structure of a conclusion paragraph includes Restate thesis, Brief summary of proofs (organizing statement), Clincher/concluding sentence.

Prometheus

Prometheus was a Titan who gave fire to humans. This made Zeus angry, so he punished Prometheus by chaining him to a rock where an eagle ate his liver every day.

Pandora

To punish humans, Zeus created Pandora, the first woman, and gave her a jar she was told not to open. But she opened it out of curiosity, and all the evils of the world came out. The only thing left in the jar was hope.

Perseus

Perseus was a hero, son of Zeus and Danaë. A king sent him to kill Medusa, a monster who could turn people to stone.

Medusa

Medusa is a monster who could turn people to stone. Perseus used a mirror-shield to avoid looking at her, cut off her head, and escaped.

The Trojan War

The Trojan War started because of a beauty contest between three goddesses: Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite.

Paris

Paris, a prince of Troy, chose Aphrodite as the most beautiful goddess and took Helen from King Menelaus of Sparta, leading to the Trojan War.

The Odyssey

The Odyssey is the story of Odysseus, a clever Greek hero trying to return home to Ithaca after the Trojan War.

Penelope

Penelope is the wife of Odysseus who waits faithfully for his return while he faces numerous challenges.

Romeo and Juliet

Romeo and Juliet is a tragic love story about two teenagers from feuding families in Verona, the Montagues and the Capulets.

Hero's Journey

The Hero's Journey includes three stages: Departure, Initiation, and Return.

Homeric Simile

A Homeric (epic) simile compares a heroic event to something ordinary and often goes on for several lines.

Epithet

An epithet is a descriptive word or phrase.

Epic

An epic is a long, narrative poem recounting heroic deeds, partially improvised, partially memorized poetry meant to be sung or performed.

Muses

Muses are goddesses of art and poetry.

In Media Res

In media res means 'in the middle of things'.

Invocation

a plea (normally to one of the 9 muses)

Archetype

Stories, character, and themes that represent a familiar pattern repeated through literature and across cultures.

Xenia

cliche that a stranger is just a friend that we haven't met yet. Hospitality

Nostos

homecoming after a long journey

Hubris

excessive pride or self confidence

Metis

having wisdom

Foil

characters contrast with one another

Simile

A comparison between two things using like or as

Metaphor

A comparison of two things not using like or as

Dramatic irony

Something that the reader knows, that the characters don't

Foreshadowing

An event that hints at a future event

Aside

Something that a character says/shares to the audience

Motif

A recurring element in a story

Sonnet

A 14 line poem written in iambic pentameter with a specific rhyme scene and theme.

Iamb

one type of foot in poetry (daDUM)

Pun

A joke used by an author to lighten the mood of their story.

Oxymoron

two opposite words put together to create a striking effect. (bittersweet, deafening silence)

Odysseus

King of Ithaca, known as the most clever Greek warrior

Telemachus

Son of Odysseus and Penelope

Athena

Goddess of wisdom and war, helps Odysseus throughout his journey

Zeus

King of the gods, god of the sky and thunder.

Achilles

Greek hero and greatest warrior of the Trojan War.

Patroclus

Achilles closest friend

Helen of Troy

The most beautiful woman in the world, whose abduction sparked the Trojan War.

Hector

Trojan prince and hero, brother to Paris.

Priam

King of Troy, father of Hector and Paris.

Poseidon

God of the sea, earthquakes, and horses.

Ares

God of war

Homer

Writer of the Odyssey and the Iliad

Hades

God of the underworld.

Aphrodite

Goddess of love and beauty

Hermes

God of messengers and travel

Artemis

Goddess of the moon

The Lotus Eaters

In The Odyssey, Odysseus and his men arrive on the island of the Lotus Eaters, where the people eat a special flower called the lotus. Anyone who eats it forgets everything and just wants to stay there forever.

The Cyclops

In The Odyssey, Odysseus and his men land on the island of the Cyclopes and enter the cave of Polyphemus, a giant one-eyed monster.

The Sirens

In The Odyssey, Odysseus and his men must sail past the Sirens, dangerous creatures whose beautiful singing lured sailors to their deaths.

Tiresias and the Land of the Dead

In The Odyssey, Odysseus travels to the Land of the Dead to speak with the blind prophet Tiresias.

Scylla & Charybdis

In The Odyssey, Odysseus must sail between two deadly dangers: Scylla, a six-headed monster who lives in a cave, and Charybdis, a giant whirlpool that swallows the sea.

Scylla

A sea monster that Odysseus chooses to pass closer to, resulting in the loss of six men.

Romeo

A character in Romeo and Juliet who is married to Juliet and kills Tybalt.

Juliet

A character in Romeo and Juliet who is in love with Romeo and stabs herself.

Mercutio

Romeo's friend who is killed by Tybalt and curses both families.

The Nurse

Juliet's nurse who provides comic relief and switches her loyalties between Romeo and Paris.

Friar Lawrence

The priest who secretly marries Romeo and Juliet.

Benvolio

Romeo's peaceful friend who tries to prevent fights.

Tybalt

Juliet's hot-headed cousin who is killed by Romeo.

Prince Escalus

The Prince of Verona who seeks peace and punishes those who fight.

Capulet

Juliet's father who insists she marry Paris.

Lady Capulet

Juliet's mother who sides with Lord Capulet.

Lord Montague

Romeo's father who honors Juliet at the end.

Lady Montague

Romeo's mother who dies from heartbreak.

Acts

The major divisions of a play, similar to chapters.

Monologue

A character's extended speech revealing inner thoughts.

Dialogue

The spoken exchanges between characters.

Soliloquy

A long speech delivered by a character alone on stage.

Rhyme scheme of a sonnet

ABABCDCDEFEFGG, consisting of three quatrains and a heroic couplet.