Brain Bee Chapter 10

modify which genes are expressed

Glucocorticoids can bind to DNA and do this

scn (suprachiasmatic nucleus)

Neurons in this brain region act like a metronome for the rest of the body

cortisol and body temperature

These two things increase when your body prepares to wake from sleep

five

Of the seven anterior pituitary hormones, this many are tropic hormones

pituitary gland

The hypothalamus regulates hormones through its close ties to this

pvn (paraventricular nucleus)

This region of the brain sends clock signals through the spinal cord to the peripheral organs of the body

crh (corticotropin releasing hormone)

This hormone is released from the hypothalamus and travels to the pituitary gland in response to stress

vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone)

This neurotransmitter and hormone increases water retention in the kidneys and constroits blood vessels

skin, gonads, digestive tract, kidneys

The parasympathetic branch of the involuntary nervous system restricts blood flow to these organs

male sex hormones

These hormones are regulated by simple negative feedback loops

pineal gland

This part of the brain is sometimes referred to as the “third eye”

sympathetic branch

This branch of the involuntary nervous system tells the adrenal medulla to release epinephrine

fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)

Researchers first discovered clock genes in this species

follicle stimulating hormone

This hormone is abbreviated FSH

thrifty or stress-sensitive

Stressful environments push fetuses to develop this kind of metabolism

jet lag

This is a familiar example of circadian rhythms disturbance

promotes uterine contractions

Oxytocin has this effect during labor

homeostasis

The tendency of your body’s tissues and organs systems to maintain a condition of balance

gnrh (gonadotropin releasing hormone)

The cascade that regulates reproduction in mammals begins with this hormone

estrogen and progesterone

The two hormones exert feedback on GnRH, FSH, and LH in females

90 minutes

The repetitive pulse of GnRH in males peaks every (this many) minutes

leptin

This hormone helps maintain body weight within a set range

median eminence

Hypothalmic regions send axons to this capillary rich area above the pituitary gland

glucocortiod hormones

Cortisol is part of this group of hormones

ghrelin

This hormones is released by the wall of the gastrointestinal tract

slightly more than 24 hours

Clock proteins take this amount of time to complete a full cycle

prolactin

This hormone stimulates milk production by the breasts

melatonin

This hormones is secreted by the pineal gland

cross the placenta

Elevated stress hormones can reach a fetus by doing this

somatic

Another name for the voluntary neurons system