colloquialism
The use of slang or informalities in speech or writing
antithesis
Using a contrast in language to bring out a contrast in ideas
distinctio
elaborating on the definition of a word to make sure there is no misunderstanding
diction
The writer's word choices, especially with regard to their correctness, clearness, or effectiveness
rhetor
the speaker who uses elements of rhetoric effectively in oral or written language
irony
The contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really mean. the difference between what appears to be and what is actually true
dramatic irony
irony that occurs when the meaning of the situation is understood by the audience but not by the characters in the play
verbal irony
a statement in which the speaker's words are incongruous with the speaker's intent
situational irony
when the expected outcome does not happen or the opposite happens instead
paradox
a statements that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity
prose
Fiction and nonfiction, including all its forms
satire
a work that targets human vices and follies or social institutions and conventions for reform or ridicule
symbolism
generally anything that represents itself and stands for something else
tone
the author's attitude toward his material, audience or both
rhetorical question
a question in which the answer is implied
anadiplosis
the repetition of the last word of one clause at the beginning of the following clause
syntax
the way an author chooses to join words into phrases clauses and sentences
parallelism
using the same general structure for multiple parts of a sentence or for multiple sentences in order to link them all. This can involve, but is not limited to, repetition of grammatical element such as a preposition or verbal phrase
exaggerating some part of a statement to give it emphasis or force
hyperbole
connotation
the nonliteral, associative meaning of a word; the implied suggest meaning
hypophora
asking a question, then proceeding to answer it
denotation
the strict, literal, dictionary definition of a word, devoid of any emotion, attitude, or color
euphemism
from the Greek for "good speech," a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept. this may be used to adhere to standards of social or political correctness or to add humor or ironic understatement
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