Communicable Disease

Plague

• A disease of rats and wild rodents

• Transmitted to man by the bite of the rat’s fleas

Brucellosis / undulant fever

• known as Malta fever in man and as infectious abortion or Bang’s disease in

  cattle, goats, and swine

• may be transmitted to man by the ingestion of raw milk from infected animals or by direct or indirect contact with aborted fetuses, afterbirths, and other discharges that are released during or following abortion in animals

Anthrax

• so-called ―wool sorter’s disease‖, occurs among textile and wool-factory workers and among agricultural people.

• It is are rare infectious disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus Anthracis

• It is primary disease of cattle and horses

Leptospirosis

• Also known as Weil’s Disease or hemorrhagic jaundice

• Occurs among rats, other rodents, dogs, swine, cattle and occasionally other animals

• It is spread mainly by the urine of infected animals and is generally not transmitted from person to person

Salmonellosis

• It is a bacterial infection that generally affects the intestinal tract and occasionally the bloodstream.

• It is spread by eating or drinking contaminated food and water or by contact with infected people or animals

Tularemia

It is usually contracted by man from rabbits, opossums, rodents quail, and other game animals

Rabies

• It is an acute fatal encephalitis caused by a specific virus

• Its incubation period in man varies from 2 to 6 weeks or longer

• Transmission occurs through the entrance of virus-laden saliva into lesions or open wound, which are generally caused by the bite

Ornithosis (psittacosis) / Parrot fever

• It is a virus disease of parrots, parakeets, canaries, pigeons, and numerous other species of birds, including some of our domestic fowl – chickens, ducks, and turkeys.

• It is transmitted to man through direct contact with infected birds

Foot and Mouth Disease

• It is caused by a virus to which all cloven-hoofed animals are susceptible, although cattle are more commonly infected

• It is a viral infection caused by the strain of Coxsackie Virus

• It is transmitted to man through milk or milk products and possibly by the hands. It is rarely fatal to man

Ringworm

• It is a general term used to describe mycotic and fungal infection of keratinized parts of the body (Skin, hair and nails).

• It is transmitted by direct skin to skin contact

Trichinosis

• It is caused by the larva of parasitic nematode infecting a man and animal hosts

• Anyone who eats undercooked meat of infected animals can develop this

Taeniasis (Beef or pork infection)

• The common varieties that occur in man results from the ingestion of infected beef, pork, and fish

• Transmission also occurs through direct hand to mouth transfer of the egg and feces

Diphyllobothriasis (Fish-tapeworm infection)

• It has as its source the flesh of infected freshwater fish.

• The feces of infected persons contain eggs, and the eggs must reach bodies of freshwater in order to hatch and infect the first intermediate host.

Echinococcosis (Dog-tapeworm infection)

• It is relatively common in South America, Alaska, Eastern Australia, New Zealand, and the Middle East.

• Disease transmitted through ingestion of contaminated food and water as well as through hand to mouth transfer of eggs

Trachoma

It is a communicable disease of the eyes which may be transmitted by towels, handkerchiefs, or fingers.

Leprosy

It is called Hansen’s Disease, it is caused by a bacillus, Mycobacterium leprae. It affects chiefly the skin, mucous membrane, and peripheral nerves.

Amebiasis

• It is an intestinal illness caused by a microscopic parasite called Entamoeba histolytica

• It is recognized more often in people arriving from tropical or subtropical areas, individuals living in institutions, and men who have sex with men

• It is contracted by consuming contaminated food or water containing the cyst stage of the parasite. It can also be spread by person to person contact

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)

• People infected with this disease may have no symptoms for 10 or more years.

• Attacks the body’s immune system

• Spread when the infected blood, semen, vaginal fluids, or breast milk gets into the bloodstream of another person

AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)

It is a late stage of HIV Disease and there is no cure

Arboviral Infections

It is caused by any number of viruses transmitted by arthropods such as mosquitoes and ticks.

Botulism

It is a serious illness caused by a nerve toxin made by the bacterium, Clostridium botulinum. (A toxin is a poison that is released by some bacteria and viruses).

Chancroid

It is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by a bacterium.

Chickenpox

It is a highly communicable disease caused by the varicella virus, a member of the herpes virus family.

Cholera

It is a bacterial disease that affects the intestinal tract. It is caused by a germ called Vibrio cholerae

Diphtheria

It is an acute bacterial disease that usually affects the tonsils, throat, nose or skin.

Giardiasis

It is an intestinal illness caused by a microscopic parasite called Giardia lamblia

Gonorrhea

• It is an infection that is spread through sexual contact with another person

• Infected person will have bumping while urinating and a yellowish white discharge

Hepatitis A

• It is caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV). The virus is found in the stool (feces) of HAV-infected people

• can easily spread from one person to another by putting something in the mouth (even though it may look clean) that has been contaminated with the stool of a person with this disease

Hepatitis B & Hepatitis C

• It is caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). The virus is found in blood and certain body fluids.

• It is spread by having sex w/o a condom, sharing needles or ―works‖ when ―shooting‖ drugs, through needle stick or sharps exposures in a health care setting, or sometimes from infected mother to her baby during vaginal birth.

Listeriosis

It is a bacterial infection caused by Listeria monocytogenes. It may infect specific locations within the human body (brain or spinal cord membranes or the bloodstream).

Measles

• It is an acute, highly contagious viral disease capable of producing epidemics.

• It is usually considered a childhood disease, it can be contracted at any age.

Impetigo

• It is a common infection of the skin resulting in blisters that may occur anywhere on the body but are usually observed around the nose or mouth.

• It is caused by one of two types of bacteria, either group A streptococci or Staphylococcus aureus.

Kawasaki Syndrome

It is a serious rash illness of children

Meningococcal Disease

It is a severe bacterial infection of the bloodstream or meninges (a thin lining covering the brain and spinal cord) caused by the meninggococcal germ.

Mumps

It is an acute viral disease characterized by fever, swelling and tenderness of one or more of the salivary glands.

Mycoplasma Infection

It is respiratory illness caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, a microscopic organism related to bacteria.

Pinworm Infection

Are white, parasitic worms that can live in the large intestine of humans. They are about one-half inch long.

Pneumococcal Disease

It is a severe bacterial infection caused by Streptococus pneumoniae, also called pneumococcus. It may cause pnuemonia, meningitis or a blood stream infection (bacteremia).

Psittacosis

It is an infectious disease usually transmitted to humans from birds in the parrot family, turkeys and pigeons. It is caused by a bacteria called Chlamydia psittaci

Poliomyelitis

It is a viral disease which may affect the central nervous system.

Scabies

It is a fairly common infectious disease of the skin caused by a mite. Its mites burrow into the skin producing pimple-like irritations or burrows.

SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)

It is a viral respiratory illness that was first reported in Asia in February 2003. - By late July 2003, no new cases were being reported and the outbreak was considered contained. During this outbreak, 8,098 people worldwide became sick with this disease, resulting in 774 deaths.

Swimmer’s Itch

It is a skin rash caused by certain parasites of birds and mammals. These parasites are released from infected snails and migrate through waters, including those used for recreational swimming.

Syphilis

It is a bacterial infection, primary a sexually transmitted disease (STD)

Tetanus

Commonly called lockjaw, is a bacterial disease that affects the nervous system. As a result of widespread immunization, this disease is now a rare disease. A common first sign of this disease is muscular stiffness in the jaw (lockjaw), followed by stiffness of the neck, difficulty in swallowing, rigidly of abdominal muscles, spasms, sweating and fever.

2009 Flu Pandemic

It is an A(H1N1) pandemic and a global outbreak of a new strain of influenza A virus subtype H1N1, identified in April 2009, commonly referred to a swine flu, which is transmitted between humans.

Avian influenza

Sometimes avian flu, and commonly bird flu, refers to influenza caused by viruses adapted to birds.

Bagassosis

Source: Moldy Sugarcane Fiber

Byssinosis (Brown Lung Disease / Monday Fever)

Source: Textile, Yarn, Fabric Manufacturing

Bird’s Fancier Lung (Bird Breeder’s Lung)

Source: Pigeons, Parakeets, Fowl, Rodents

Cheese Worker’s Lung

Source: Cheese Mold

Farm’s Lung Disease

Source: Moldy Hay

Grain Handler’s Lung

Moldy Grain

Japanese Summer Type Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis

Source: Damp Woods and Mats

Malt Worker’s Lung

Source: Moldy Malt

Mushroom Picker’s Lung

Source: Mushroom

Sequoiosis

Source: Moldy Redwood Bark

Mapple Bark Disease

Source: Moldy Mapple Bark / Mapple Bark Strippers

Mollusk Shell Hypersensitivity

Source: Shell Dust

Suberosis

Source: Moldy Cork Dust

Baritosis

Source: Barium Handling Industry

Berylliosis

Source: Aero space manufacturing, Beryllium Mining or Manufacturing of fluorescent light bulbs

Bauxite (Shaver’s Disease)

Source: Alumina Abrasive Manufacturing

Chalicosis (Flint Disease)

Source: Stone Cutting / Masonry Works

Coals Worker’s Disease Pneumoconiosis (Black Lung Disease)

Source: Coal Dust

Siderosis

Source: Metal Grinding Works

Silicosis

Source: Silica Exposure