Patient-Centered Care Flashcards

Flashcards to help review key concepts related to patient-centered care, cognitive biases, and disparities in healthcare.

Patient-Centered Care

An ethical obligation for health professionals, public health experts, researchers, and administrators to ensure for patients and families.

What can disrupt patient-centered care and can be based on overlearning false ideas about people?

Cognitive Errors

Patient-Centered Care Improvement

Can be achieved through critical thinking, research, and utilizing the prefrontal cortex of the brain.

What is a Cognitive Error?

A mental shortcut our brain takes to deal with a lot of information quickly. Part of our brains is designed to make quick decisions.

Cognitive Errors (also called cognitive ____) because it

is a pattern of “____” errors that are _______, not random.

Cognitive Errors (also called cognitive biases) because it

is a pattern of “thinking” errors that are SYSTEMATIC, not random.

• The cognitive biases are common-place and often committed unintentionally

We catch the biases by using another part of our brain

the prefrontal cortex

We learn and remember by storing the new memories in the…

temporal lobe

Why must we keep practicing to change Cognitive Bias?

We keep practicing because when we are under time pressure, tired or stressed, we are vulnerable to the cognitive biases

Patient-Centered Care Elements

Full transparency & fast delivery of information, alignment with patient goals, collaborative, coordinated, and accessible care, family welcome in care setting, Physical comfort & emotional well-being are top priorities.

Cognitive Error

A mental shortcut the brain takes to deal with a lot of information quickly, enabling quick decisions.

Availability Bias

Deciding based on the first thing that comes to mind, where recent or memorable experiences heavily influence decision-making.

Confirmation Bias

The tendency to give greater weight to data that support a preliminary diagnosis while dismissing contradictory evidence.

Impact of Overlearned False Ideas

Leads to negative health outcomes for different social groups.

Groups Misunderstood in Healthcare

Include Rural, Disabilities, LGBTQ, People of Color, Heavier weights, Lower socioeconomic status, Older adults or teens, Recent immigrants, Limited English Proficiency, Religious minorities, Certain diagnoses, Women and Men.

Systematic Lower Quality Care

Research shows it occurs for certain social groups due to unconscious or intentional cognitive errors and false ideas.

False Ideas About People Living In Rural Areas

They are often cast as country bumpkins, rednecks, unfashionable, naive, or a little 'slow.'

Providers Misinformed About Obesity

Often hold false ideas, leading to biased behavior and negative impacts like increased rates of depression, anxiety, and disordered eating.

Provider Knowledge About Overweight People

Should understand that genetics, hormonal changes, medications (steroid, auto-immune diseases, and anti-depressants), sleep disorders, and stress can significantly contribute to weight gain.

Errors Impact (Lack of Patient Centered Care)

Risk of wrong diagnosis increases, Patients get inadequate or inadequate treatment, Patients get delayed referrals for screenings, tests , Increased mortality and morbidity for patients.

Scientific Evidence of Better Healthcare

Shows white patients were more likely to receive better quality care than Black, Native American, Alaska Native, Hispanic, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander patients.

Racial Bias in Medicine

Is exemplified by the eGFR race 'corrections' based on false assumptions about higher muscle mass in Black people.

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

the best way to measure how well your kidneys are working

• The actual GFR test is complicated and cannot be easily done in a doctor’s office

How is the eGFR meausured?

Laboratories use math equations based on creatinine instead to estimate the GFR instead of measuring it.

Race as a Social Construct

Race is not biological; there is no race gene, and genetic diversity across humans is extremely small (0.01%).