CSD 400 quizzes

thorax

chest

abdomen

stomach

dorsal trunk

back

cranium

part of skull that protects the brain

upper extremity

arms (RUE and LUE)

lower extremity

legs (RLE and LLE)

anterior

front

posterior

back

superior

towards the head

inferior

away from the head

superficial

close to the surface

deep

away from the surface

external

outside the body

internal

closer to the center

medial

toward the midline

lateral

towards the side

proximal

closer to the point of attachment

distal

away from the point of attachment

central

towards the center

peripheral

away from the center

prone

laying on stomach

supine

laying on back

median/saggital plane

split body in half (left and right)

frontal/coronal

front and back

transverse/horizontal

upper and lower

tissues

colony of cells that are similar in structure and function

what are tissues without intercellular substance?

epithelium

what are tissues with intercellular fluid?

cartilage/bone (solid), connective tissue(semifluid), blood/lymph (fluid)

what cells are partially elongated?

nervous

what cells are totally elongated?

muscular

epithelial tissue

superficial layer of mucous membrane; cells comprising the skin

what are the types of simple epithelial tissue?

squamous, cuboidal, columnar, ciliated

what are the types of compound epithelial?

stratified and transitional

connective tissue

solid, liquid or gel-like that connects or binds structures together

what does connective tissue do?

supports the body and aids in bodily movements

What are the types of connective tissue?

Loose connective tissue and Dense connective tissue

what are the types of loose connective tissue?

areolar and adipose tissue

areolar tissue

very loose tissue, supportive in nature. it is found beneath the skin, between muscles and between organs

adipose tissue

high concentration of fat cells, found beneath the skin

what makes up dense connective tissue?

tendons, ligaments and fasciae

tendons

muscle to bone and muscle to cartilage

ligaments

organs together, bone to bone, bone to cartilage

fasciae

sheet like membrane surrounding an organ

what are the types of special connective tissue?

cartilage and bone

cartilage

composed of cells ground substance and intercellular fibers. properties of strength and elasticity

bone

hardest of the connective tissues; made up of cells, collagenous fibers and ground substance

what are the types of bone

compact and spongy

what does spongy bone contain

marrow= RBC, WBC and plasma

muscle tissue

contractile tissue that is the principle mediator of movement (voluntary and involuntary), where the muscle has to be stimulated to contract

striated muscle

used to move skeletal structures; voluntary/somatic muscle that can be moved in response to conscious abilities

smooth muscle

found where movement is involuntary (esophagus) and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system

cardiac muscle

only in the heart, cells that connect in a network like fashion, involuntary

origin

least moveable

insertion

more moveable

muscle action

a common consequence of muscle contraction is the production of movements

agonist

muscles that move a structure (ex: in bicep curls it is the bicep)

antagonist

oppose a given movement (supportive friend) (ex: in bicep curls it is the tricep)

muscle function

muscles can exert force in 1 direction at a time

flexion

bending at a joint; towards the body

extension

away from the body

dorsiflexion

refers to flexing the foot

plantar flexion

pointing toes

abduction

movement away from the body

adduction

movement towards the body

medial rotation

rotating towards midline

lateral rotation

rotating away from midline

nervous tissue

highly specialized communicative tissue, consists of neurons and creates nerve impulses that are responsible for muscle contraction

how does nervous tissue transmit info?

neuron to neuron, neuron to muscle, sensory receptors to other neural structures

how does nervous tissue respond?

abruptly to changes in environment, but normally responds to electrochemical stimuli from nervous system

what are the 6 levels of observation for speech production and swallowing?

(1) neural, (2) muscular, (3) structural, (4) aeromechanics, (5) acoustic, (6) perceptual

What are the 4 subsystems of speech production and swallowing?

(1) breathing apparatus, (2) laryngeal apparatus, (3) velopharyngeal-nasal apparatus, (4) pharyngeal-oral apparatus

What is forensics?

use of data for legal applications

What are the six levels of observation for audition?

(1) acoustic, (2) aeromechanical, (3) structural, (4) muscular, (5) mechosensory, (6) neural

What are the 4 subsystems of audition?

(1) outer ear, (2) middle ear, (3) inner ear and auditory nerve, (4) central auditory pathways

what is one test preformed by an audiologist when evaluating the auditory mechanism?

pure tone tests to determine magnitude of hearing loss

what is on type of device used in the management of hearing disorders?

hearing aids and cochlear implants

what is an example of forensics for SLP?

use of data for the purpose of speak identification from audio recordings and to support a legal claim of someone who has sustained an injury

a

clavicle

b

ribs

c

pelvic girdle

d

costal cartilage

e

sternum

a

scapula

b

coccygeal vertebrae

c

sacral vertebrae

d

lumbar

e

thoracic vertebrae

f

cervical vertebrae

a

trachea

b

lung

c

main-stem bronchi

d

alveoli

b

opening for vena cava

c

central tendon

d

opening for aorta

e

opening for esophagus

what is the pulmonary apparatus made up of?

lungs and pulmonary airways

what is the chest wall made up of?

rib cage wall, diaphragm, abdominal wall, abdominal content

what would happen if the pulmonary apparatus was removed from the chest wall?

expand

what would happen to the chest wall?

collapse