Complete Anatomy Lecture Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering body cavities, planes, tissues, integumentary system, skeletal anatomy, and joints based on the provided notes.

Cranial cavity

Contains brain

Vertebral cavity

Contains spinal cord

Thoracic cavity

Chest cavity

Pleural cavity

Around lungs

Pericardial cavity

Around heart

Abdominopelvic cavity

Abdomen + pelvis

Abdominal cavity

Digestive organs

Pelvic cavity

Bladder + reproductive organs

Pericardium

Membrane around heart

Pleura

Membrane around lungs

Peritoneum

Membrane around abdominal organs

Visceral layer

Membrane layer directly ON organ

Parietal layer

Outer wall layer of a membrane

Superior

Above

Inferior

Below

Medial

Toward midline

Lateral

Away from midline

Proximal

Closer to trunk

Distal

Farther from trunk

Superficial

Closer to surface

Deep

Farther from surface

Ventral

Front/belly side

Dorsal

Back side

Cranial (direction)

Toward head

Caudal

Toward tail/feet

Sagittal plane

Divides body into Left/right

Midsagittal plane

Divides body into Equal left/right halves

Coronal plane

Divides body into Front/back

Transverse plane

Divides body into Top/bottom

Oblique plane

Angled cut

Inspection

Looking during a physical exam

Palpation

Touching during a physical exam

Percussion

Tapping during a physical exam

Auscultation

Listening during a physical exam

Urinary system

The system to which the Kidneys belong

Larynx

Organ shared by the Respiratory + digestive systems

Spleen location

Located in the LUQ (Left Upper Quadrant)

Most small intestine location

Located in the LLQ + RLQ

Epithelial tissue

Covers/lines/forms glands

Connective tissue

Supports/protects/binds

Muscle tissue

Produces movement

Nervous tissue

Electrical communication

Tight junctions

Cell junctions that prevent leaks

Hemidesmosomes

Attach cells to basement membrane

Desmosomes

Hold cells together

Gap junctions

Allow cell communication

Adherens junctions

Actin attachment points

Epithelial vascularity

No — avascular

Surface epithelium

Lines surfaces

Glandular epithelium

Forms glands

Simple squamous

Thin epithelium for diffusion

Stratified squamous

Epithelium for protection

Pseudostratified columnar

Looks layered but all touch basement membrane

Endocrine glands

Ductless glands releasing hormones into blood

Exocrine glands

Glands that use ducts

Merocrine glands

Glands using exocytosis only

Apocrine glands

Glands that lose cytoplasm during secretion

Holocrine glands

Glands where the whole cell bursts

Fibroblasts

Build fibers in connective tissue

Macrophages

Perform phagocytosis

Adipocytes

Store fat

Plasma cells

Produce antibodies

Neutrophils

Fight bacteria

Eosinophils

Fight parasites/allergies

Mast cells

Release histamine

Adipose tissue

Connective tissue for fat storage

Dense regular connective tissue

Found in tendons/ligaments

Loose areolar connective tissue

Connective tissue for cushioning/support

Hyaline cartilage

Most common type of cartilage

Elastic cartilage

Flexible cartilage

Fibrocartilage

Strongest type of cartilage

Osteoblasts

Cells that form Bone

Chondroblasts

Cells that form Cartilage

Epidermis

Outer skin layer

Dermis

Middle skin layer

Hypodermis/subcutaneous

Fat layer of skin

First-degree burn

Burn affecting Epidermis only

Second-degree burn

Burn affecting Epidermis + dermis

Third-degree burn

Burn affecting Epidermis + dermis + hypodermis; painless because nerves are destroyed

Stratum corneum

Layer of dead keratinized cells

Stratum lucidum

Epidermal layer found in thick skin only

Stratum granulosum

Epidermal layer responsible for waterproofing

Stratum spinosum

Epidermal layer providing keratin strength

Stratum basale

Deepest epidermal layer; contains stem cells/melanocytes

Melanocytes

Cells providing pigment

Langerhans cells

Cells for immune defense

Merkel cells

Touch receptors

Meissner corpuscles

Receptors for light touch

Pacinian corpuscles

Receptors for deep pressure

Thick skin characteristics

Has sweat glands; no sebaceous glands; located on palms and soles

Vasoconstriction

Skin response caused by cold

Long bones

Bones longer than wide (e.g., $Humerus, femur$)

Short bones

Cube-shaped bones (e.g., $Carpals + tarsals$)

Flat bones

Thin/curved bones (e.g., $Sternum, ribs$)

Irregular bones

Complex shapes (e.g., $Vertebrae$)

Sesamoid bones

Bones inside tendons (e.g., $Patella + pisiform$)

Pneumatized bones

Air-filled bones (e.g., $Ethmoid + frontal$)

Osteoprogenitor cells

Stem cells of bone

Osteocytes

Mature bone cells

Osteoclasts

Cells that break down bone